The Caucasus as a major hotspot of biodiversity: Evidence from the millipede family Anthroleucosomatidae (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida) Author Antić, Dragan Ž. Author Makarov, Slobodan E. text Zootaxa 2016 4211 1 1 205 journal article 37322 10.11646/zootaxa.4211.1.1 7af458af-d56d-44e3-a6f7-af97868175d9 1175-5326 272750 6B86C6BA-6AFE-4AAD-870D-04794C138D47 Paranotosoma attemsi gen. et sp. nov. Figs 67, 68 Diagnosis. Differs from the other two species of the genus by the presence of more or less squarish anterior shields of the anterior gonopods, by the development of a long and slender lateral process on the posterior part of the anterior gonopods, and by the presence of rudiments of only one coxal process on male leg-pair 7. Etymology. The new species is named after the late Dr. Carl Attems, one of the pioneers of myriapodology. Material studied (total: 1 male ). Holotype . GEORGIA : male , Eastern part of Mingrelian (= Megrelian, Egrissian) Mt. Range, NW slope of Mt Tsekuri , 1500–1800 m asl, Fagus forest, litter, 18 & 19 Aug. 1988 , I. Belousov leg. ( ZMUM ρ3310). Type locality. GEORGIA : Eastern part of Mingrelian (= Egrissian) Mt. Range, NW slope of Mt Tsekuri , 1500–1800 m asl. Description. Body with 30 segments (including telson) in adults. MEASUREMENTS. Holotype 12 mm long, vertical diameter of the largest pleurotergite 1 mm . FIGURE. 67. Paranotosoma attemsi gen. et sp. nov. , holotype male. A. Habitus. Scale line = 1 mm . B. Leg-pair 7. Scale line = 0.2 mm . FIGURE 68. Paranotosoma attemsi gen. et sp. nov. , holotype male gonopods. A. Anterior gonopods, anterior view. B. Anterior gonopods, lateral view. C. Anterior gonopods, posterior view. D. Posterior gonopods, posterior view. c = coxite; h = horn; t = telopodite; ah = acuminate horn; ap/cp = anterior coxal process; cv = coxal vesicle; pp = posterior coxal process; sp = sternal plate; ss = sternal sac; lpp = lateral process; lsp = lamellar structure; mdl = medial lamella; ppr = posterior projection. Scale line = 0.3 mm. COLORATION (Fig. 67A). Dorsal and lateral sides of prozonites greyish, dorsolateral and ventrolateral sides yellowish. Metazonites pale brownish dorsally and laterally, lateral keels and ventrolateral sides with yellowish spots. HEAD. Slightly concave in holotype . Labrum with three medial teeth and 5+5 labral and 2+2 supralabral setae. Promentum triangular, without setae. Lingual plates with 6+6 setae. Stipites with ca 20+20 setae. Antennae 1.85 mm long in holotype . Length of antennomeres (in mm): I (0.1), II (0.2), III (0.5), IV (0.25), V (0.45), VI (0.2), VII (0.13) and VIII (0.02). Length/breadth ratios of antennomeres I–VII: I (1), II (1.7), III (5), IV (2.5), V (3.5), VI (1.5) and VII (1.5). Antennomeres II, IV, V, VI and VII with one, three, one, four and one sensillum, respectively. Number of ocelli 26, arranged in 6 rows in holotype . COLLUM. Narrower than head, with six macrochaetae. Anterior edge semi-circular, posterior margin gently concave. BODY SEGMENTS (Fig. 67A). Lateral keels developed, but to a lesser degree than in P. subrotundatum gen. et sp. nov. Macrochaetae abraded from all segments. CIX (pleurotergite 15) ~ 0.8; MIX (pleurotergite 15) ~ 1.1; PIX (pleurotergite 15) ~ 0.8; MA (pleurotergite 15) ~ 105˚. TELSON. Epiproct with a pair of spinnerets and 3+3 setae (1+1 paramedian, 2+2 marginal). Hypoproct with 1+1 apical setae. Paraprocts with 3+3 marginal setae. WALKING LEGS. Leg-pairs 1 and 2 with tarsal combs; prefemora with several long and robust setae; femora and postfemora with a group of several long and robust setae. MALE SEXUAL CHARACTERS (Fig. 67B). Leg-pairs 3–7 enlarged. Leg-pairs 3 and 4 each with a basal exterior protrusion on prefemur. Leg-pair 5 with a barely visible oral protrusion on prefemur. Leg-pair 6 without peculiarities. Leg-pair 7 only with rudiments of one posterior coxal process present in P. subrotundatum gen. et sp. nov. Leg-pairs 10 and 11 with coxal glands, no other peculiarities. ANTERIOR GONOPODS ( Fig. 68 A–C). Sternal plate ( sp ) with a medial, anterior, triangular, hairy, sternal sac ( ss ). A thin medial lamella ( mdl ) present between sternal sac and anterior shield. Anterior coxal processes ( cp ) wide, divided distally, forming a somewhat squarish shield. Mesal edges folded inside and forming a posterior lamellar projection ( ppr ) with two horns ( h ). Anterior and posterior ( pp ) coxal processes fused basally. Posterior coxal processes consisting of an anterior, relatively long and more or less acuminate horn ( ah ) nestled to inner side of anterior coxal process, and a posterior, partly lamellar structure ( lsp ) with a long and slender lateral process ( lpp ). Hairy coxal vesicles ( cv ) present medially on posterior side. POSTERIOR GONOPODS ( Fig. 68 D). Coxites ( c ) divided. Telopodites ( t ) present on posterolateral side, poorlydeveloped. Both coxites with two coxal processes: an anterior ( ap ) narrower and shorter and a posterior ( pp ) wider and acuminate (similar to those in P. cordatum gen. et sp. nov. ) Coxal vesicles ( cv ) present on anterior side. Distribution. Georgia (known only from type locality) ( Fig. 167 , violet square).