Botryosphaeriaceae on palms-a new species of Neodeightonia, N. chamaeropicola, and new records from diseased foliage of ornamental palms in Portugal Author Pereira, Diana S. Author Phillips, Alan J. L. text Phytotaxa 2023 2023-11-29 627 1 1921 1935 https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/download/phytotaxa.627.1.1/51323 journal article 280019 10.11646/phytotaxa.627.1.1 2aa5fc45-0415-4a9b-82ed-908e64c1182f 1179-3163 10216659 Diplodia Fr., Annales des Sciences Naturelles Botanique 1: 302 (1834) , MycoBank MB8047 Diplodia was introduced by Montagne (1834) with D. mutila on bark of Populus nigra from France . However, its taxonomic history has been confusing for many years, particularly due to the controversy surrounding the holotype and the characters that define the type species of the genus ( Phillips et al . 2013 ). Alves et al . (2004) examined the isotype of D. mutila and clarified the morphological status of the species and an emendment of the genus was later provided by Phillips et al . (2005) . Since no ex-type, or authentic cultures, of any type specimen of D. mutila exits, Alves et al . (2014) designated an epitype and ex-epitype culture based on a collection from Populus alba in Portugal . Species in Diplodia are characterized by hyaline, aseptate and thick-walled conidia that may become pigmented and 1-septate either after or before discharge from the pycnidia ( Phillips et al . 2013 ). They have a worldwide distribution and are known as pathogens, endophytes and saprophytes on a wide range of mainly woody hosts ( Damm et al. 2007 , Slippers & Wingfield 2007 , Lazzizera et al. 2008 , Laveau et al . 2009 , Pérez et al. 2010 , Phillips et al . 2012 , Linaldeddu et al . 2013 , Abdollahzadeh 2015 ). Some Diplodia species are important pathogens causing cankers, dieback, wilt, root diseases, leaf spots and shoot/tip blight on a variety of horticultural crops, such as D. corticola on oaks, D. sapinea on pines and D. mutila and D. seriata on apples ( Alves et al . 2004 , Trapman et al . 2008 , Stanosz et al . 2009 , Phillips et al . 2012 , Úrbez-Torres et al . 2016 , Ferreira et al . 2021 ). Although more than 1000 species epithets are listed in MycoBank and similar databases ( Crous et al . 2004 ), DNA sequence data are available for a limited number of species. Currently, 28 species are recognised based mainly on the basis of molecular data and minor differences in conidial morphology ( Phillips et al . 2013 , Boonmee et al . 2021 , Lee et al . 2021 , Tennakoon et al . 2021 , Zhang et al . 2021a ).