Revision of the Malagasy species of Homalium sect. Eumyriantheia Warb. (Salicaceae) Author Wendy L. Applequist text Candollea 2016 2016-03-14 71 1 33 60 journal article 10.15553/c2016v711a7 508bebc5-39aa-4f9c-b544-171e992dbbea 2235-3658 161516 2. Homalium brevipedunculatum Scott-Elliot in J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 29: 21. 1891. Typus : Madagascar . Prov. Toliara : Fort-Dauphin , V.18 ?? , post-fl., Scott Elliot 2600 ( holo- : K [ K000231468 ] image seen; iso- : P [ P00375087 ]!). Tree to 20 m tall, 35 cm dbh; large twigs dark gray to gray or dark brown; young twigs grayish to pale brown, glabrous (to sparsely or partially pubescent); stipules narrowly lanceolate or linear, 1.7-2 mm , pubescent. Leaves subopposite to alternate especially proximally; petiole 3-12(-17) mm, glabrous or sparsely (to moderately) pubescent when young; blade obovate (narrowly or broadly obovate, elliptical), (3.7-)5.1-11 × 2.1- 5.8(-6.5) cm; base convex (cuneate, rounded); apex rounded to emarginate; margins usually somewhat revolute, occasionally minutely toothed then with 1-5 glands toward base of leaf, rarely more; abaxial surface sparsely pubescent on midrib (and blade), drying brown; adaxial surface glabrous, drying brown (green). Inflorescences racemose, lateral, sometimes mostly confined to distalmost portion of twigs, 1.5-4(-5.3) cm, densely (to moderately) short-pubescent; peduncle 0.3-0.8 cm , sturdy; pedicel 1-2(-4) mm, densely pubescent; bracts broadly ovate (ovate), (1.4-) 2-3.8 mm , densely pubescent; bracteoles ovate, sometimes apparently absent, 1.5-2.5 mm , densely pubescent. Flowers: sepals (4-)5(-6), greenish-beige to whitish or yellowish, narrowly oblong (oblong-elliptical, oblanceolate) with acute apex, 4.5-7.5 mm , abaxial surface densely to moderately pubescent (to sericeous), often slightly keeled at apex; calyx cup funnelform (becoming cylindrical), densely to moderately pubescent (to sericeous); sepal glands yellow, conspicuously elevated, 0.9-1.3 × 0.9-1.3 mm , the upper surface glabrous and wrinkled, with pubescence underneath on abaxial surface; petals greenish-white to white or yellowish-white, oblanceolate to narrowly obovate with a narrow base, acute to obtuse or rounded apex, 4.5-8.5 × 1.8-3.2 mm , slightly longer than or about equal to sepals, abaxial surface densely pubescent and often shallowly keeled, adaxial surface glabrous or rarely sparsely pubescent; filaments white to yellowish, 2.4-3.8 mm , glabrous; anthers yellow, 0.3-0.4 mm ; ovary short-conical, long-pubescent to pilose; styles 3(-4), dark reddish green, 1.5-3.5 mm , basally long-pubescent. Seeds probably 1 per fruit; mature seeds not seen. Vernacular names. – “Maranikoditra” (Faliniaina et al. 37, Ramison et al. 139); “Rohandriana” (Service Forestier 6610, 7851) . Distribution, ecology and conservation status. – Homalium brevipedunculatum is native to littoral and low-elevation humid forests of southeastern Madagascar ; it is reported primarily on sand, but occasionally on laterite. Fewer than ten distinct locations are known, most close to Fort-Dauphin; though these include some protected land, the remainder of its range is subject to ongoing forest loss, justifying a preliminary conservation status assessment of “Vulnerable” [VU B2ab(iii)] following IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Notes. – Homalium brevipedunculatum most closely resembes, and co-occurs in part of its range with H. nobile ; the latter species has sometimes very large leaves, (5.5-)6.5-18 × (3-) 4-9 cm , with at least slight pubescence on the midribs, and petals 3.4-5 mm broad. The other common littoral species with racemose inflorescences and densely pubescent perianth, H. laxiflorum , has broader and on average shorter sepals and petals with rounded apices, with the petals usually well exceeding the sepals; neither petals nor sepals are at all keeled, and their indument, though partly dense, is generally short. Rabenantoandro et al. 954 from Mahabo ( 23°10’20”S 47°42’23”E ; MO) has flowers like those of H. brevipedunculatum , with narrow petals, and the leaf midribs are virtually glabrous, but the leaves are very large as is typical of H. nobile . Both species are known from Mahabo. It is suggested to be a hybrid between those species. Additional material examined . – Madagascar . Prov. Fianarantsoa : S of Farafangana , near village of Mahabo , 23°10’51”S 47°42’29”E , 30 m , 5.XI.2001 , fl., McPherson & Rabenantoandro 18358 ( MO , P ) ; Fkt. Nosy ala, forêt d’Analazaha , 23°10’13”S 47°43’27”E , 22 m , 26.VIII.2003 , fl., Rabehevitra et al. 558 ( P ). Prov. Toliara : Fort-Dauphin , fl., Cloisel 125 ( P ); forêt sur la route de Ste Luce , partie S, 24°46’S 47°09’E , 0-10 m , 23.III.1989 , post-fl., Dumetz 631 ( MO , P ) ; Fkt. Sainte Luce , 24°46’41”S 47°10’04”E , 17.XII.2000 , fl. and post-fl., Faliniaina et al. 37 ( MO ) ; Bemangidy forest, ca. 3 km E of Antsotso , along RN 12a, 24°34’05”S 47°12’38”E , 100 m , 10.II.2006 , post-fl., Lowry et al. 6756 ( MO , P ) ; Ste. Luce region, Manafiafy , 24°47’S 47°10’E , 25 m , 19.X.1989 , fl., McPherson et al. 14168 ( MO , P ) ; few km NW of Manantenina , forêt d’Analalava , 24°13’S 47°21’E , 40 m , 28.X.1989 , fl., McPherson 14274 ( MO , P ) ; N of town near village of Ste. Luce ( Manafiafy ), forest NW of village, 24°47’S 47°10’E , 20 m , 16.I.1990 , post-fl., McPherson et al. 14808 ( MO , P ) ; Taolagnaro , forêt M 7, 24°57’31”S 47°00’02”E , 0-10 m , 6.X.2000 , fl., Rabenantoandro et al. 333 ( MO , P ) ; Fkt. Sainte Luce , forêt sublittorale de S8, Hova site minier, 24°46’29”S 49°08’57”E , 6 m , 4.XI.2003 , fl., Rabenantoandro & Ramisy 1540 ( MO , P ) ; Fkt. Sainte Luce , forêt d’Analavinaky , à l’W du village d’Ambandrika , 24°46’30”S 47°09’00”E , 21 m , 24.XI.2009 , fl., Rakotovao 4736 ( MO ) ; sentier reliant Ampasy et Iaboakoho village, 24°35’57”S 47°09’31”E , 29.XI.2009 , fl., Rakotovao et al. 4909 ( MO ) ; forêt d’Ambavarano , 24°57’32”S 47°02’07”E , 7 m , 11.XII.2006 , fl, Ramison et al. 139 ( MO ) ; Ste. Luce , fkt. Manafiafy , forêt de Manafiafy , 24°46’08”S 47°10’14”E , 21 m , 30.XI.2002 , fl., Randrianaivo et al. 865 ( MO , P ) ; Antsotso , forêt d’Ivohibe, 24°56’46”S 47°19’54”E , 386 m , XI.2005 , fl., Razakamalala et al. 2458 ( MO , P ) ; Iaboko, Antsotso Avaratra , 24°34’35”S 47°12’28”E , 25 m , 13.XII.2007 , fl., Razakamalala et al. 4025 ( MO , P ) ; N of Ft. Dauphin on road to Ste. Luce , block S-9 of QUIT-FER, 24°47’S 47°11’E , 15 m , 12.XI.1990 , fl., Schatz et al. 2999 ( MO , P ) ; Mandena , 19.XII.1952 , post-fl., Service Forestier 6610 ( P ) ; Mandena , 3.XI.1953 , fl., Service Forestier 7851 ( P ) ; Vinanibe , à l’W de Fort-Dauphin , 7.XII.1968 , fl., Service Forestier 28619 ( P [2 sheets]).