Supplementary Materials and Appendix Author Zhang, Jing McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development and Department of Biophysics University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390 - 8816 USA Author Cong, Qian McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development and Department of Biophysics University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390 - 8816 USA Author Grishin, Nick V. Departments of Biophysics and Biochemistry University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390 - 9050 USA text Insecta Mundi 2023 2023-12-29 2023 26 1 115 http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10396362 journal article 10.5281/zenodo.10396362 1942-1354 Milanion ( Milanion ) furvus Grishin , new species https://zoobank.org/ 371AD2A6-502E-44AF-B185-91A95AC388CE ( Fig. 2 part, 43–44, 256–257) Definition and diagnosis. Several specimens from Panama identified as Milanion marciana Godman and Salvin, 1895 ( type locality in Panama ) are in a clade different from M. marciana and Milanion latior Mabille and Boullet, 1917 ( type locality in Colombia ) and are genetically differentiated from all other species in the genus ( Fig. 2 ). Therefore, they represent a new species. This new species does not key correctly to any species, including M. marciana (E.46.5), in Evans (1953) and differs from its relatives by a combination of the following characters: white spot in forewing cell CuA 2 -1A+2A is small, located by the vein 1A+2A and does not reach the middle of the cell, white patch on hindwing is broader than brown border, ventral hindwing with wide brown area by costa, cell Sc+R 1 -RS brown with a (usually) small white spot in the middle joined with the white central area with veins darker by the dark border. This species is not cryptic and is diagnosed reliably by phenotype. In DNA, a combination of the following base pairs is diagnostic in the nuclear genome: aly 2027.2.5 :C51T, aly971.9.9:G51T, aly 2811.4.1 :G248A, aly 2811.4.1 :C249T, aly 1475.2.1 :G48A, and COI barcode: T133G, T157C, T358C, T514C, A607C. Barcode sequence of the holotype . Sample NVG-18018H04, GenBank OR837641, 658 base pairs: AACTTTATATTTTATTTTTGGAATTTGAGCAGGATTAGTAGGAACCTCTTTAAGTTTATTAATTCGAACTGAATTAGGAAACCCAGGATCTTTAATT GGAGATGATCAAATTTATAATACTATTGTAACTGCGCATGCATTTATTATAATTTTTTTCATGGTCATACCAATTATAATTGGTGGATTTGGAAATT GATTAGTACCTTTAATATTAGGAGCCCCAGATATAGCTTTCCCCCGAATAAATAATATAAGATTTTGATTATTACCCCCATCTCTTATATTATTAAT TTCAAGAAGTATTGTAGAAAATGGAGCAGGAACTGGATGAACAGTTTACCCACCTCTTTCAGCTAACATTGCCCATCAAGGCTCATCAGTAGATTTA GCAATTTTTTCTTTACATTTAGCTGGAATTTCTTCAATTTTAGGAGCTATTAATTTTATTACTACTATTATTAACATACGAGTAAATAATTTATCAT TTGATCAAATACCTTTATTTGTATGAGCCGTAGGTATTACAGCTTTACTTTTATTATTATCTTTACCTGTATTAGCAGGTGCTATTACTATATTATT AACTGACCGAAATTTAAACACATCCTTCTTTGACCCAGCAGGAGGAGGAGATCCAATTTTATACCAACATTTATTT Type material. Holotype : ♂ deposited in the National Museum of Natural History , Smithsonian Institution , Washington , DC , USA ( USNM ), illustrated in Fig. 43–44 , bears the following four rectangular labels, three white: [ PANAMA : Panama | Farfan (C.Z.) | 8° 56′N , 79° 34′W | 6 Jan ‘72 | leg. S. S. Nicolay ], [DNA sample ID: | NVG-18018H04 | c/o Nick V . Grishin ], [USNMENT | { QR Code } | 01450996], and one red [ HOLOTYPE ♂ | Milanion | furvus Grishin ] . Paratypes : 4♂♂ from Panama : Panama Province : 1♂ 11-BOA-13382E11 Panama City, Albrook Hotel and Area , 1–4-Aug-2007 , R . H. Leuschner leg. [ USNM ] ; 1♂ NVG-18018H03 Bayano , 23-Nov-1974 , G. B. Small leg. [ USNM ] ; 1♂ NVG-20053H02 Gamboa , Pipeline Road , 75 m , 9.127167 , −79.714833 , 2-Jun-2012 , John R . MacDonald leg. [ MEM ] ; 1♂ NVG-20053H03 Veracruz , ca. 50 m , GPS 8.911833 , −79.565722 , 2-Jul-2013 , John R . MacDonald leg. [ MEM ] . Type locality. Panama : Panama Province , Farfan, GPS 8.933 , −79.567 . Etymology. In Latin, furvus means dark, dusky, gloomy, or swarthy. The name, a masculine adjective, is given partly for the smaller white area and very small white spot in cell 7 on the ventral hindwing. Distribution. Currently known only from central Panama .