A reassessment of the Neotropical genus Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895: cladistic analysis, biogeography, and taxonomic review (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae) Author Iniesta, Luiz Felipe Moretti DEEF048E-97FB-4CCD-875F-5FA6184CA8AB&14A15A7F-730F-4D41-BDAC-D53514FAB85D Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. & Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brasil, 1500, 05503 - 090, São Paulo, Brazil. rodrigobouzan@outlook.com Author Bouzan, Rodrigo Salvador DEEF048E-97FB-4CCD-875F-5FA6184CA8AB&14A15A7F-730F-4D41-BDAC-D53514FAB85D Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. & Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brasil, 1500, 05503 - 090, São Paulo, Brazil. rodrigobouzan@outlook.com Author Brescovit, Antonio Domingos 14A15A7F-730F-4D41-BDAC-D53514FAB85D&D5B81D79-AFAE-47B1-8A6E-DAB448A24BCC Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brasil, 1500, 05503 - 090, São Paulo, Brazil. rodrigobouzan@outlook.com&antonio.brescovit@butantan.gov.br text European Journal of Taxonomy 2023 2023-04-27 867 1 1 312 http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.867.2109 journal article 57602 10.5852/ejt.2023.867.2109 1d2570da-e150-4d75-94d8-bfc5813062bc 2118-9773 7891021 8DEF295C-A8B1-4A6B-B873-B30949F64E07 Pseudonannolene leucocephalus Schubart, 1944 Figs 78–80 , 169D , 177M , 183 ; Supp. file 4: Fig. 204B Pseudonannolene leucocephalus Schubart, 1944: 413 , figs 75–76. Pseudonannolene leucocephalus – Schubart 1952: 418 . — Iniesta & Ferreira 2013b: 366 . — Gallo & Bichuette 2019: 47 ; 2020: 36 . Pseudonannolene leucocephala – Jeekel 2004: 89 . Diagnosis Males of P. leucocephalus slightly resemble those of P. halophila by having the solenomere subtriangular ( Figs 79D , 80D ), but differing by having short coxae on the first leg-pair with a constriction at about midlength ( Figs 79A , 80B ); the prefemoral process wide ( Fig. 79B ); internal branch with a horizontal plate ( Fig. 79D ). Etymology Name ‘leucocephalus’ (feminine ‘leucocephala’) taken from the Greek words ‘ lefkó ’ = ‘white’, plus ‘ kephalos ’ = ‘head’, referring to the whitish coloration of the head and antennae of the species ( Schubart 1944 ). Material examined Holotype BRAZIL • ♂ [gonopods, gnathochilarium, first and second leg-pair on microscope slides]; São Paulo , Mogi Guaçu , Cachoeira de Cima ; [ -22.223841 , -47.049620 ]; 610 m a.s.l. ; 12 Oct. 1941 ; J. Gaspar and O. Schubart leg.; MZSP 1101 . Paratypes (total: 4 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, 3 immatures) BRAZIL • 4 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, 3 immatures ; same collection data as for holotype; MZSP . Other material (total: 14 ♂♂ , 22 ♀♀ , 14 immatures ) BRAZIL – São Paulo • 1 ♀ ; Mogi Mirim , Usina Mogi-Guaçu ; [ -22.432213 , -46.950871 ]; 623 m a.s.l. ; 12 Oct. 1941 ; J. Gaspar leg.; MZSP 1054 • 2 ♂♂ , 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for preceding; MZSP 1060 • 4 ♂♂ , 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for preceding; MZSP ; • 1 ♂ ; Descalvado , Escaramuça ; [ -21.916757 , -47.620295 ]; 685 m a.s.l ; 4 Mar. 1941 ; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 1 ♂ ; same locality data as for preceding; 4 Mar. 1941 ; MZSP • 2 ♂♂ , 9 ♀♀ , 2 ♂♂ immatures, 8 ♀♀ immatures, 1 immature ; same locality data as for preceding; 6 Jan. 1940 ; MZSP • 1 ♀ ; São José do Rio Preto , Fazenda Itália ; [ -20.816500 , -49.376402 ]; 506 m a.s.l. ; 25 Oct. 1945 ; F.P. Mello leg.; MZSP • 1 ♂ , 2 immatures ; Cachoeira de Cima , Rio Mogi Guaçu ; [ -21.087289 , -48.180398 ]; 498 m a.s.l. ; 15 Jan. 1947 ; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 2 ♂♂ , 7 ♀♀ , 1 ♀ immature; Leme , Fazenda Graminha ; [ -22.183853 , -47.384995 ]; 624 m a.s.l. ; 10 Dec. 1948 ; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 2 ♂♂ , 2 ♀♀ ; Porto Ferreira , Mata do Procópio ; [ -21.842360 , -47.471538 ]; 565 m a.s.l. ; 7 Mar. 1944 ; N. dos Santos leg. MZSP . Descriptive notes MEASUREMENTS . 58–63 body rings (2–3 apodous + telson). Males: body length 25–35 mm ; maximum midbody diameter 1.4–1.8 mm . Females: body length 28–38 mm ; maximum midbody diameter 1.6– 2.1 mm . COLOR . Body color faded, but apparently prozonites brownish, metazonites with a brown posterior band; head, antennae, and legs lighter; collum brown. HEAD . Antennae short, just reaching back to end of ring 5 when extended dorsally; relative antennomere lengths 1<2≈3>4≈5<6>7. Mandibular cardo with ventral margin narrow. Ommatidial cluster well-developed, covered partially by anterior region of collum, elliptical; ca 20 ommatidia in 4 rows. BODY RINGS . Collum with lateral lobes broadly subrectangular, with ca 6 striae ( Fig. 78A ). Very faintly constricted between prozonite and metazonite; prozonites smooth; metazonites laterally with transverse striae from ca ⅓ length below ozopore. Anterior sterna in midbody rings subrectangular, without transverse striae ( Fig. 169D ). FIRST LEG-PAIR OF MALES . Coxae ( cx ) short (less than half of remaining podomere lengths), subtriangular, with the base arched, slightly expanded, and constricted medially, densely setose ( Figs 79A , 80B , 204B ); prefemoral process ( prf ) as long as half length of prefemur, subcylindrical, densely setose along the entire ventral region, central groove deep ( Fig. 79B ); remaining podomeres with setae along the mesal region. SECOND LEG-PAIR OF MALES . Coxa ( cx ) subrectangular; penis ( pn ) located at proximal region, rounded, not extended basally ( Fig. 79C ); prefemur compressed dorsoventrally; remaining podomeres setose. GONOPODS . Gonocoxa ( gcx ) elongated, almost twice as long as telopodite, with the base arched; slightly flattened antero-posteriorly ( Figs 79D–F , 80C ); with rows of papillae mesally. Seminal groove ( sg ) curved; arising medially on mesal cavity and terminating apically on the seminal apophysis ( sa ). Shoulder ( sh ) inconspicuous. Telopodite ( tp ) almost as wide as gcx ( Figs 79D , 80D ), with rounded laterad projection; solenomere ( sl ) with apicomesal process ( amp ) short, subtriangular; ectal process absent; sa located at medial portion, slightly visible apically. Internal branch ( ib ) shovel-shaped, apically enfolding sl , with horizontal plate; setae restricted to the apical region of ib exceeding seminal region of sl ( Figs 79D–F , 80D ). VULVAE . As typical for the genus. Bursa subtriangular, glabrous ( Fig. 177M ); internal valve subtriangular, with its sides having the same length; operculum large, curved ectad; external valve narrow, in oral view, subtriangular. Distribution Known from the central-west region of São Paulo State , Brazil ( Fig. 183 ); occurring in the Cerrado biome (tropical savanna ecoregion) and in second-growth forests in the region.