A reassessment of the Neotropical genus Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895: cladistic analysis, biogeography, and taxonomic review (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae) Author Iniesta, Luiz Felipe Moretti DEEF048E-97FB-4CCD-875F-5FA6184CA8AB&14A15A7F-730F-4D41-BDAC-D53514FAB85D Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. & Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brasil, 1500, 05503 - 090, São Paulo, Brazil. rodrigobouzan@outlook.com Author Bouzan, Rodrigo Salvador DEEF048E-97FB-4CCD-875F-5FA6184CA8AB&14A15A7F-730F-4D41-BDAC-D53514FAB85D Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. & Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brasil, 1500, 05503 - 090, São Paulo, Brazil. rodrigobouzan@outlook.com Author Brescovit, Antonio Domingos 14A15A7F-730F-4D41-BDAC-D53514FAB85D&D5B81D79-AFAE-47B1-8A6E-DAB448A24BCC Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brasil, 1500, 05503 - 090, São Paulo, Brazil. rodrigobouzan@outlook.com&antonio.brescovit@butantan.gov.br text European Journal of Taxonomy 2023 2023-04-27 867 1 1 312 http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.867.2109 journal article 57602 10.5852/ejt.2023.867.2109 1d2570da-e150-4d75-94d8-bfc5813062bc 2118-9773 7891021 8DEF295C-A8B1-4A6B-B873-B30949F64E07 Pseudonannolene imbirensis Fontanetti, 1996 Figs 72–73 , 165K , 169A , 177K , 183 ; Supp. file 4: Figs 209B , 216C Pseudonannolene imbirensis Fontanetti, 1996: 430 , figs 8–10. Pseudonannolene imbirensis – Iniesta & Ferreira 2013a: 92 ; 2013b: 366 . — Karam-Gemael et al. 2018 : figs 2–3. — Gallo & Bichuette 2019: 43 ; 2020: 36 . Pseudonannolene sp. “São Bernardo II cave” – Gallo & Bichuette 2017: 7 , figs 4b, 5b, 9d. Pseudonannolene sp. “ São Vicente II cave” – Gallo & Bichuette 2017: 7 , figs 4c, 5c, 9e. Pseudonannolene sp. “Terra Ronca cave” – Gallo & Bichuette 2017: 7 , figs 4d, 5d, 9f. Pseudonannolene aff. imbirensis – Bichuette et al. 2019: 24 . Diagnosis Males of P. imbirensis resemble those of P. leopoldoi and P. microzoporus by having solenomere with ectal process deeply notched separating from apicomesal process ( Fig. 73D–F ), but differing by a head and trunk ocher ( Fig. 72 ); short prefemoral process on the first leg-pair ( Fig. 73A–B ). Etymology Although unspecified, the name is evidently an adjective referring to the locality where the type material was found, cave São Mateus-Imbira III. Material examined Holotype BRAZIL • ♂ ; Goiás , São Domingos , cave São Mateus-Imbira III; [ -13.400307 , -46.319377 ]; 700 m a.s.l. ; Apr. 1989 ; Grupo Espeleológico de Geologia [ GREGEO ] leg.; MZSP 1035 . Paratypes (total: 3 ♀♀, 1 immature) BRAZIL • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; Jul. 1988 ; MZSP 1030 • 1 ♀ , 1 ♂ immature; same collection data as for holotype; MZSP . Other material (total: 16 ♂♂ , 22 ♀♀ , 6 immatures ) BRAZIL – Goiás • 1 ♀ , 1 ♀ immature; São Domingos , cave Passa Três ; [ -13.612953 , -46.368476 ]; 711 m a.s.l. ; 27 Jul. 1988 ; MZSP • 1 ♂ ; 4 immatures ; same collection data as for preceding; 25 Jul. 2000 ; M.E. Bichuette leg.; MNRJ • 3 ♂♂ ; same collection data as for preceding; 9 May 2001 ; MNRJ • 5 ♂♂ , 3 ♀♀ ; cave São Vicente ; [ -13.587311 , -46.358229 ]; 626 m a.s.l. ; 2–6 Mar. 2000 ; A. Chagas Jr. and M.E. Bichuette leg.; MZSP • 4 ♂♂ , 1 ♀ , 1 ♀ immature; same collection data as for preceding; 29 Jul. 2000 ; MNRJ • 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for preceding; MNRJ • 1 ♂ , 3 ♀♀ ; same collection data as for preceding; 11 May 2001 ; A. Chagas Jr. and E. Trajano leg.; MNRJ • 1 ♂ , 2 ♀♀ ; Parque Estadual Terra Ronca , cave São Vicente ; [ -13.587311 , -46.358229 ]; 626 m a.s.l. ; 2–6 May 2000 ; A. Chagas Jr and M.E. Bichuette leg.; MZSP • 5 ♀♀ ; same collection data as for preceding; MZSP • 1 ♂ , 2 ♀♀ ; cave Termas de São Vicente II; [ -13.583333 , -46.358229 ]; 617 m a.s.l. ; 29 Jul. 2000 ; M.E. Bichuette and A. Chagas Jr. leg.; MNRJ 30155 • 1 ♀ ; cave Angélica ; [ -13.522824 , -46.382068 ]; 572 m a.s.l. ; 1 Aug. 2000 ; A. Chagas Jr. leg.; MNRJ • 2 ♀♀ ; inside cave Angélica ; [ -13.522824 , -46.382068 ]; 572 m a.s.l. ; 7 May 2001 ; A. Chagas Jr. leg.; MNRJ • 1 ♀ ; cave Bezerra ; [ -13.547301 , -46.376290 ]; 626 m a.s.l. ; 30 Jul. 2000 ; A. Chagas Jr. leg.; MNRJ . Descriptive notes MEASUREMENTS . 61–63 body rings (1–2 apodous + telson). Males: body length 55–60 mm ; maximum midbody diameter 2.4–2.5 mm . Females: body length 60–65 mm ; maximum midbody diameter 2.8–3 mm . COLOR . Body color faded, but apparently prozonites brownish, metazonites with a brown posterior band; head, collum, antennae, and legs lighter. HEAD . Antennae short ( Fig. 72A ), just reaching back to end of ring 5 when extended dorsally; relative antennomere lengths 1<2<3>4>5≈6>7. Mandibular cardo with ventral margin narrow. Ommatidial cluster well-developed, elliptical; ca 28 ommatidia in 5 rows. BODY RINGS . Collum with lateral lobes rounded, with ca 8 striae, slightly curved ectad ( Fig. 72A ). Very faintly constricted between prozonite and metazonite; prozonites smooth; metazonites laterally with transverse striae slightly above ozopore in anterior body rings. Anterior sterna in midbody rings subrectangular, without transverse striae ( Fig. 169A ). FIRST LEG-PAIR OF MALES . Coxae ( cx ) short (less than half of remaining podomere lengths), subtriangular, with the base arched, densely setose ( Fig. 73A ); prefemoral process ( prf ) short, less than half of prefemur, subcylindrical, densely setose up to its median region ( Fig. 73B ); remaining podomeres with setae along the mesal region. SECOND LEG-PAIR OF MALES . Coxa ( cx ) large and rounded; penis ( pn ) located at proximal region, rounded, slightly flattened ( Fig. 73C ); prefemur compressed dorsoventrally; remaining podomeres setose. GONOPODS . Gonocoxa ( gcx ) elongated, almost twice as long as telopodite, with the base arched; antero-posteriorly flattened ( Fig. 73D–F ); with rows of papillae mesally. Seminal groove ( sg ) curved; arising medially on mesal cavity and terminating apically on the seminal apophysis ( sa ). Shoulder ( sh ) short, rounded. Telopodite ( tp ) almost as wide as gcx ( Fig. 73D ); solenomere ( sl ) with apicomesal process ( amp ) slightly subtriangular; ectal process ( ep ) short, subtriangular, separating from amp by deep notch; sa located at mesal portion, slightly visible apically. Internal branch ( ib ) subtriangular, narrow, slightly curved ectad at midlength, surrounding the base of tp as a shield; with torsion of 180° in the distal portion and a rounded projection directed ectad; ib with setae along its entire margin not exceeding apically seminal region of sl ( Fig. 73D–F ). VULVAE . As typical for the genus. Bursa subtriangular, glabrous ( Fig. 177K ); internal valve subtriangular, with mesal region rounded; operculum narrow, slightly curved ectad; external valve wide, subtriangular. Distribution Known only from caves in São Domingos, Goiás State , Brazil ( Fig. 183 ). Although no apparent restriction of P. imbirensis in caves may be assumed, all specimens either examined by us or recorded from the literature were collected inside caves or surrounding entrances. Comments Populations of P. imbirensis from the caves Angélica, São Bernardo II, and São Vicente II were regarded as troglobitic by Gallo & Bichuette (2017) . On the other hand, in the same paper the authors regarded the population from cave Terra Ronca II as troglophilic. Excepting the pale brownish color of the species (see Fontanetti 1996 ), there is no morphological feature that clearly indicates troglomorphism in P. imbirensis , thus requiring further ecological studies and new extensive samplings to confirm its restriction to cave habitats.