Freshwater fishes of Israel; a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023 Author Çiçek, Erdoğan Department of Biology, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Nevşehir Hacı BektaşVeli University, Nevşehir, Türkiye Author Fricke, Ronald Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde in Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany Author Sungur, Sevil Health Services Vocational School, Nevşehir Hacı BektaşVeli University, Nevşehir, Türkiye Author Çapar, Osman Bahadir Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, Türkiye Author Golani, Daniel Deparment of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel text Zootaxa 2023 2023-11-13 5369 4 451 484 https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5369.4.1/52255 journal article 278560 10.11646/zootaxa.5369.4.1 8a95fa8d-aaf9-4550-9a5b-0e8408ecb1bd 1175-5326 10146651 62878FA8-7CC7-462C-9FBF-C9BAEF177855 Anguilla anguilla ( Linnaeus, 1758 ) [N]—European eel; Tzlofach eyropi or europi Taxonomy. Original description: Muraena anguilla Linnaeus, 1758: 245 [Europe, Mediterranean Sea, Baltic Sea, northeastern Atlantic (original: “in Europa; maxima in lacu Cornachio Ferrariensi”); localities include Sweden; England; Belgium; Germany; Poland; France; Ferrara and Rome, Italy; Lesbos Island, Greece; Syria; no types known].—Israel synonyms: None.—Revisions: Ege (1939: 90) .—Illustration: Kottelat & Freyhof (2007: 62 , fig.). Status in Israel . First record from Israel by Lortet (1883: 179) and Tristram (1884: 177) as Anguilla vulgaris , and Spicer (1931) ; confirmed by Goren & Ortal (1999: 4) .—Israel material: HUJ. Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Israel : Mediterranean watersheds.—Distribution in River Basin: 1- Western Basin, 2-Dead Sea Basin.—General distribution: Western Atlantic: larvae in Sargasso Sea and Gulf Stream; eastern Atlantic, Baltic Sea, North Sea, White Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Sea of Marmara, Black Sea: European seas and adjacent watersheds, spawning and larval migration routes to and from the western Atlantic. Introduced in the Caspian Sea basin.—Distribution in Ecoregion: 436-Coastal Levant, 438- Jordan River.—Habitat: This species is catadromous and found in a range of habitats, from small streams to large rivers and lakes, and in estuaries, lagoons, and coastal waters. It also occupies open ocean areas during migrations but is rarely observed in this habitat. Under natural conditions, it only occurs in bodies of water that are connected to the sea; it is stocked elsewhere. Freshwater, brackish, marine. Economic importance. Commercially important. Conservation. Conservation Status in Israel : Unknown.—IUCN: CR ( IUCN 2023 ).—Threats: ABS, FIT, HAB, EUT, CON, COM, TOU.—Moderate sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—Moderate priority for conservation action. Remarks. This species has been stocked, unintentionlly, in the Lake of Galilee together with mugilids (Golani et al. 2008; Golani & Mires 2000 ).