Revision of the Hawaiian endemic leaf-mining moth genus Philodoria Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): its conservation status, host plants and descriptions of thirteen new species Author Kobayashi, Shigeki 0000-0002-1336-4730 crossroad1994@hotmail.co.jp Author Johns, Chris A. 0000-0002-1749-3847 Author Kawahara, Akito Y. 0000-0002-1749-3847 text Zootaxa 2021 2021-03-17 4944 1 1 175 journal article 7393 10.11646/zootaxa.4944.1.1 8adfa0f6-06a7-44b5-a3be-351d0bdc7a62 1175-5326 4681813 380D2F75-D4F9-4974-97E2-25E0C62CB3B0 Philodoria napaliensis Kobayashi, Johns & Kawahara , sp. n. Figs. 9D , 41M, N , 42L , 43L . Philodoria sp. 4; Johns et al . 2018 : fig. 2. Type locality. Nâ Pali Trail (Kauai). Etymology. The specific epithet, napaliensis is derived from the type locality, Nâ Pali (pronounced 'Nah-Pahlee') Coast . Type examined. Holotype (sex unknown), Na Pali Trail , Kauai , 13& 21.vii.2015 (stored), C.A. Johns leg., host: Diospyros sandwicensis , 24.vi.2015 , CJ491a (abdomen missing) in BPBM . Paratype 2♂, same locality and data as holotype, CJ482 / SK767♂, CJ491b / SK745♂ (apex of tegumen broken); deposited in BPBM . Three specimens are incomplete but they have features that are distinctive enough to allow this species description. What remains of three specimens were: holotype mounted by placing three wings without mountant under a coverslip: two full forewings slightly damaged at base and small apical region of one hindwing; two paratypes : a specimen mounted by placing four wings without mountant under a coverslip (two forewings [1/3 of left wing and 1/2 right wing] and 1/3 of two hindwing; CJ482); a specimen mounted by placing two forewings and one leg without mountant under a coverslip (almost full left wing and apical portion and basal half of right wing and one hind leg; CJ491b). The head, antenna, thorax, and legs for all specimens were sacrificed for molecular analysis . Additional material. 2 larvae (CJ-445/AHE_44) entirely sacrificed for molecular analysis ( Johns et al . 2018 : fig. 2): 2 larvae , same locality and data as holotype , 26.vi.2015 (stored), CJ445, in FLMNH . Diagnosis. Very similar to Philodoria that feed on Myrtaceae and P. lama sp. n. , but differs from them in having a valva with a dorsal process with a thick inner margin ( Fig. 41M, N ). Description: Adult ( Fig. 9D ). Forewing length 3.4–3.5 mm in holotype . Head, antenna and thorax unknown. Forewing dark shiny, pale leaden gray with brownish ocherous patches enclosing gray fascia: bp from base to dorsum 1/3, contact to basal tf ; tf from costal 1/3 to dorsal 1/2, tp after the middle to apical portion, distinctly narrowing in the dorsum, extending to dorsal 2/3, containing two short, shiny, steel gray costal spots; apical portion with black as and a large jet-black terminal patch from tornus to apex, containing two upright steel-gray spots near its opposite extremities; a single bright white spot in its middle; a very narrow ocherous line along the base of tornus; cilia shining, leaden gray with a blackish fringe line; two white costal streaks, long one extend apex; terminal cilia often blackish. Hindwing coppery brown; cilia tawny. Abdomen tawny brown, white below. Legs unknown. Male genitalia ( Figs. 41M, N , 42L , 43L ) (n=2). Capsule 600 µm . Tegumen 0.7–0.8 x length of valva; valva 450–460 µm long, similar to P. basalis and P. lama except inner margin of dorsal process thicken ( Fig. 41M, N ). Phallus 550 µm long ( Fig. 43L ). Female genitalia Unknown. Distribution. Kauai. Host plants. Ebanaceae: D. hillebrandii (A.DC.) Fosberg and/or Diospyros sandwicensis (A.DC.) Fosberg. We could not distinguish the two Diospyros species, D. hillebrandii and the closely related D. sandwicensis . Diospyros sandwicensis is found on all of the main Hawaiian islands. It often occurs as a dominant plant in dry to moist forests and occasionally in wet forests. It grows at elevations ranging from close to sea level to 1200 m ( 4000ft ) ( Wagner 1990 ). Biology. Unknown, but it is presumably similar to those of P . basalis , P. lama and P . splendida , whose larvae pupate in a “taco” like cocoon.