Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: Nymphalidae subfamilies Libytheinae, Danainae, Satyrinae and Charaxinae Author Liseki, Steven D. Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, Arusha, Tanzania; & Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK; Author Vane-Wright, Richard I. Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK; & Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK; & School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, UK text Journal of Natural History 2015 2015-09-30 50 865 904 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2015.1091106 journal article 21272 10.1080/00222933.2015.1091106 05d1bac2-fe53-42ba-a04d-bc4828adaf4e 1464-5262 3990100 Charaxes ( Eriboea ) ethalion littoralis van Someren, 1967 Henning 1989 : 305,306 (6 figs). Kielland 1990: 284 (3 figs). SI: Figure 17a – h. Forewing length: male 29 – 36 mm [mean ( n = 20) 32.49 mm , SD = 1.320]; female 34 – 42 mm [mean ( n = 13) 37.51 mm , SD = 1.985]. van Someren (1967 , p. 294) gave male forewing length as 33 – 34 mm . Note: the females are very different to the black males, and are also polymorphic – three named female forms are recognized in this subspecies: ‘ ethalion ’ , ‘ rosae ’ and ‘ swynnertoni ’ ( Henning 1989 , p. 305 – 306). However, with individual variation in pattern and size, to some extent these intergrade. Records Eastern Tanzania , inland to Mikumi, Kilimanjaro and the Rubeho, Nguru and Nguu mountains, flying from sea level to 2000 m ( Kielland 1990 , p. 101). Henning (1989 , p. 306) notes Dar-es-Salaam , Morogoro , Arusha and Taveta, this last apparently reflecting van Someren (1967 , p. 295). Rogers (in Butler 1901 , p. 24) noted this species (as Charaxes rosae Butler ) as fairly common at Taveta – from where OUMNH has eight males collected by Rogers at c. 2500 ft , April and May 1905 , one female (f. ‘ ethalion ’ ) May 1905 , ex Wiggins, together with one male from New Moshi 6 May 1916 , collected by Lamborn. The BMNH has males from New Moshi, March 1916 (F.C. Selous), Moshi July 1920 (W.N. van Someren) and ‘ 6 miles NW of Moshi ’ May 1916 (Buchanan). Not encountered by Liseki (2009) , C. e. littoralis is included here as a member of the lower slopes fauna. Beyond Tanzania this race occurs in the coastal belt of Kenya . Collectively, the nine subspecies of C. ethalion (Boisduval, 1847) range from Kenya south to South Africa , and west as far as southern DRC and Zambia ( Ackery et al. 1995 , p. 441).