A survey of the internal oral morphology in larvae of the genus Hylodes Fitzinger, 1826 (Amphibia, Anura, Hylodidae) Author Weber, Luiz Norberto Author Caramaschi, Ulisses text Zootaxa 2013 3635 5 557 568 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.3635.5.5 970cb0b9-9914-4f28-987a-61aed9b31c3c 1175-5326 220693 11DA7714-48A6-4F28-B78D-39B5D27951D4 Hylodes dactylocinus Pavan, Narvaes & Rodrigues, 2001 Material: one specimen (stage 28) and one specimen (stage 37). Ventral aspect ( Fig. 1 A): Buccal floor triangular, wider than long; two pairs of infralabial papillae present, apart or not from one another (stages 37 and 28, respectively); the outer pair is longer than wide and has a complex structure, with four to five finger-shaped projections of irregular margin that touch each other, papilla base absent; the posterior pair of infralabial papillae is small, approximately equivalent to the half length of the lingual papilla, with irregular apex surface bearing small pustules; two filiform lingual papillae present, placed side by side, tapered, closer to the first papilla of the buccal floor arena than to the infralabial papilla; there are about 18–20 papillae on each side, enclosing the buccal floor arena and extending from the region near the tongue rudiments to near the ventral velum; papillae directed to the arena center, finger-shaped and curved; arena papillae arranged similar to a V ; the bigger papilla of the floor arena is bifurcate, located in the middle portion of the arena; some arena papillae show irregular margin; about four prepocket papillae, small to medium-sized, similar to those from the buccal floor arena; large number of pustules present on the arena surface, more concentrated in its posterior portion; ventral velum without median notch, undulated margin and about six little finger-shaped projections above the glottis. Dorsal aspect ( Fig. 1 B): Buccal roof triangular, somewhat shaped as the floor; prenarial arena with low crest reversed V shaped reniform choanae, separated and oriented at an angle of 35° in relation to the transverse plane; distance between choanae slightly lower than the width of the median-ridge; diminute and conical pre-choanal papillae, about three per choana; postnarial arena with five papillae, arranged on each side in a separate row, papillae with varied sizes and finger-shaped; largest papillae postero-located, finger-shaped, with sharp apex, irregular antero-margin and directed to the center; cluster of papillae in postnarial arena forming an inverted V ; complex lateral-ridge papillae, hand-shaped with five ramifications of anterior margin finely serrate and directed to the center, the first ramification less developed than the others; the median ridge triangular-shaped with irregular margin; buccal roof arena bordered by 14 papillae on each side, finger-shaped, tapered, and with anterior margin aliasing, directed up and to the arena center; absence of bifurcate papilla in the arena; arena papillae forming an approximate U design; pustules are present and more concentrated in its posterior portion; distinct row with about nine lateral papillae on the roof arena; distinct glandular area; dorsal velum medially interrupted, having about four uniform projections of small size.