Revision of the polytypic electric fish Gymnotus carapo (Gymnotiformes, Teleostei), with descriptions of seven subspecies Author Albert, James S. text Zootaxa 2017 2017-08-08 4318 3 401 438 journal article 32158 10.11646/zootaxa.4318.3.1 8d4c68da-48ac-44d9-982b-bb2a13ed886c 1175-5326 887692 2848Cac4-F301-4A47-B6Cd-366051Ad2B5E Gymnotus carapo madeirensis New Subspecies Figure 3 D, Tables 3 and 4 Holotype : MUSM 12949, 227 mm, Peru , Puno , Sandia , Río Candamo ( 13°31’S , 069°41’W ). Paratypes : MUSM 12949 (2), 101–121 mm , Peru , Puno , Sandia , Río Candamo ( 13°31’S , 069°41’W ). Non-Types : MUSM 12949 b (4), 101–227mm , Peru , Puno , Sandia , Río Candamo , ( 13°25’S , 070°01’W ) . UF 82191 (1), 187 mm , Bolivia , Santa Cruz , Río Guaporé , Río San Pablo , Río San Diablo , Velasco, 71 km N. San José de Chiquitos ( 17°18’S , 060°35’W ) . UF 82211 (2), 196–205 mm , Bolivia , Santa Cruz , Río Guaporé , Río San Pablo , Chiquitos, Comunidad La Esperanza , ca. 40 km N. San José de Chiquitos ( 17°25’S , 060°47’W ) . UF 82345 (3) 111– 360 mm , Bolivia , Santa Cruz , Río Jorge , W. Warnes, Río Piray ( 17°34’12.0”S , 063°12’36.0”W ) . UF 82470 (2), 170–218 mm , Bolivia , Beni , Río Mamoré , Río Ibaré , Cercado, Arroyo San Javier ( 14°38’S , 064°53’W ) . UF 82485 (1), 360 mm , Bolivia , Beni , Río Mamoré , Río Ibaré , Cercado, 20 km N San Javier ( 14°28’S , 064°56’W ) . UMSS 0 6969 (1), 302 mm , Bolivia , Beni , Río Madeira , Arroyo Tres Cuchillas ( 10°49’23.016”N , 066°04’50.30”W ) . UF 82510 (1), 241 mm , Bolivia , Beni , Río Mamoré , Río Ibaré , Cercado, 25 km N San Javier ( 14°24’S , 064°56’W ) . UMMZ 66433 (2), 215–331 mm , Bolivia , Beni , Río Beni , Lago Rogoagua ( 13°57’S , 066°58’W ) . UMSS 0 6962 (1), 108 mm , Bolivia , Beni , Río Madeira , Arroyo Tres Cuchillas ( 10°49’23.016”N , 066°04’50.3”W ) . UMSS 0 6963 (1), 121 mm , Bolivia , Beni , Río Madeira , Arroyo Tres Cuchillas ( 10°49’23.016”N , 066°04’50.3”W ) . UMSS 0 6964 (1), 174 mm , Bolivia , Beni , Río Madeira , Arroyo Tres Cuchillas ( 10°49’23.016”N , 066°04’50.3”W ) . UMSS 0 6964 (1), 177 mm , Bolivia , Beni , Río Madeira , Arroyo Tres Cuchillas ( 10°49’23.016”N , 066°04’50.30”W ) . UMSS 0 6965 (1), 145 mm , Bolivia , Beni , Río Madeira , Arroyo Tres Cuchillas ( 10°49’23.016”N , 066°04’50.3”W ) . UMSS 0 6966 (1), 179 mm , Bolivia , Beni , Río Madeira , Arroyo Tres Cuchillas ( 10°49’23.016”N , 066°04’50.3”W ) . UMSS 0 6970 (1), 119 mm , Bolivia , Beni , Río Madeira , Arroyo Tres Cuchillas ( 10°49’23.016”N , 066°04’50.3”W ) . UMSS 0 6977 (1), 202 mm , Brazil , Amazonas , Río Beni aff. Río Madeira ( 11°01’41.2”S , 066°05’58.801”W ) . Description: Specimens of G. carapo from the Río Madeira basin overlap substantially in morphometric and meristic PC-space with specimens from other localities ( Figures 4 , 5 , and 12). Gymnotus carapo madeirensis is characterized by the following combination of statistically significant (p <0.01) traits when compared to the rest of the species as a whole (see Principal Components Analyses and t-tests): short head (HL 10.4%–13.7% TL, mean 11.7% vs. 10.2%–15.5%, mean 12.7% in all other subspecies), wide interorbital distance (IO 37.7%–44.8% HL, mean 41.0% vs. 31.9%–43.6%, mean 37% in all other subspecies), deep body (BD 85.9%–106.6% HL, mean 95.8% vs. 42.7%–98.8%, mean 83.5% in all other subspecies), deep head (HD 57.1%–72.4% HL, mean 63.6% vs. 44.0%–67.2%, mean 57.9% in all other subspecies) and wide head (HW 59.3%–67.7% HL, mean 63.2% vs. 49.1%–66.8%, mean 59.2% in all other subspecies). Distribution: Known from the Río Madre de Dios in the Madre de Dios Department of Peru , the Río Candamo in Sandia province Peru , and the Río Guaporé in the Santa Cruz department and the Río Mamoré and Río Madeira and Río Beni in the Beni department of Bolivia ( Figure 2 B). Etymology: Subspecific epithet derived from the Río Madeira.