A Rosetta Stone for eastern Pacific Caecidae (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda) Author Raines, Bret K. text Zootaxa 2020 2020-08-11 4827 1 1 146 journal article 8690 10.11646/zootaxa.4827.1.1 c93b6c76-aaac-4fcd-acca-3dc3e0fd62d4 1175-5326 4402308 2CE528C2-DE07-4155-B37D-BE2C342A3901 Caecum insculptum Carpenter, 1857 Figures 36 A–F, 37A–H, 38A–B, 127I Caecum ( Elephantulum ) insculptum Carpenter, 1857: 315 , 2 syntypes NHMUK 1857.6 .4.1514, Mazatlan. Caecum ( Elephantulum ) insculptum — Carpenter, 1858: 420 . Caecum insculptum — Carpenter, 1860: 32 ; Palmer, 1951: 43 ; Brann, 1966 : pl. 32, fig. 360; Raines & Pizzini, 2009: 120 , figs. 4d, 5d, 7a–c. Caecum mirabile de Folin, 1867a: 45 , 12 syntypes MNHN-IM-2000-4593, Panama . (syn. nov.) . Elephantulum insculptum — Keen, 1968: 419 , figs. 89a–b; Keen, 1971: 398 , fig. 478; Shasky, 1984: 27 ; Skoglund, 1992: 29 . Fartulum ( Elephantulum ) insculptum — Draper, 1985: 4 , fig. 3. Brochina insculptum — Lightfoot, 1993b: 76 , fig. 21. Material examined. In addition to the type material the following lots were examined. NHMLAC: LACM 1965 - 28.34 , Barra de Navidad , Jalisco , Mexico , intertidal, 3 sh ; LACM 1935 - 90.10 , Secas Islands , Chiriqui Prov. , Panama , 45 m , 1 sh ; LACM 1971 - 83.56 , Los Arcos , Banderas Bay , Jalisco , Mexico , intertidal to 5 m , 13 sh ; LACM 1972 - 81.22 , S of Bocapan , Tumbes Dept. , Peru , intertidal, 1 sh ; LACM 1970 - 11.56 , Ancon Point , Santa Elena , Guayas Prov. , Ecuador , intertidal, 40 sh ; LACM 1970 - 12.43 , Ancon Point , Santa Elena , Guayas Prov. , Ecuador , intertidal, 15 sh ; LACM 1972 - 42.68 , Ballena Point , Ballena Bay , Puntarenas Prov. , Costa Rica , 3–16 m , 21 sh ; LACM 1972 - 53.34 , Herradura Bay , Puntarenas Prov. , Costa Rica , 23 m , 12 sh ; LACM 1972 - 46.65 , Alcatraz Island , Tortugas Islands , Puntarenas Prov. , Costa Rica , 2–8 m , 28 sh ; LACM 1972 - 30.29 , Santa Elena Point , Guanacaste Prov. , Costa Rica , 13–16 m , 12 sh ; LACM 1972 - 38.33 , Penca Point , Guanacaste Prov. , Costa Rica , 8–13 m , 3 sh ; LACM 1934 - 133.29 , Tangola-Tangola Bay , Oaxaca , Mexico , 5–6 m , 1 sh ; LACM 1972 - 57.44 , Quepos , Puntarenas Prov. , Costa Rica , 24 m , 11 sh ; LACM 1972 - 58.63 , Quepos , Puntarenas Prov. , Costa Rica , 10–24 m , 23 sh ; LACM 1968 - 41.89 , Cuastecomate Bay , Jalisco , Mexico , 5–21 m , 6 sh ; LACM 1968 - 45.53 , Cuastecomate Bay , Jalisco , Mexico , 3–6 m , 1 sh ; LACM 1966 - 15.32 , El Tule , Canelo Bay , Baja California , Mexico , intertidal, 2 sh ; LACM 1946 - 10.17 , Creston Island , Mazatlan , Sinaloa , Mexico , intertidal, 3 sh ; LACM 1935 - 136.3 , Secas Islands , Chiriqui Prov. , Panama , 22 m , 1 sh ; LACM 1967 - 15.17 , Banderas Bay , Jalisco , Mexico , 10–21 m , 16 sh . SBMNH : SBMNH 452507 , Playa Tamarindo , Guanacaste , Costa Rica , 5–15 m , 4 sh ; SBMNH 127147 , Chacala , Nayarit , Mexico , 3–5 m , 1 sh ; SBMNH 452488 , La Puntilla , Salinas , Guayas , Ecuador , intertidal, 2 sh ; SBMNH 619528 , Bahia Ballena , Puntarenas , Costa Rica , 13–15 m , 6 sh ; SBMNH 128135 , Isla Lobos , Mazatlan , Sinaloa , Mexico , 6 sh ; SBMNH 620796 , Islas Ladrones , Chiriquí , Panama , 10–25 m , 1 sh ; SBMNH 620799 , Bahia Tenacatita , Cabo Tamarino , Jalisco , Mexico , 8–10 m , 1 sh ; SBMNH 620806 , Isla Pajaro [Mogo Mogo], Panama Prov. , Panama , intertidal, 3 sh ; SBMNH 621369 , Bahia Banderas , Nayarit , Mexico , 6 sh ; SBMNH 621531 , Barra de Navidad , Jalisco , Mexico , 3–45 m , 1 sh ; SBMNH 621533 , Bahia Herradura , Puntarenas , Costa Rica , intertidal, 1 sh ; SBMNH 621558 , Playa Olas Atlas , Sinaloa , Mexico , 10–25 m , 5 sh ; SBMNH 622373 , Punta Mirador , Puerto Lopez , Manabi , Ecuador , intertidal, 1 sh ; SBMNH 622381 , Punta Ancon, W side, Guayas, Ecuador , intertidal, 20 sh. BCD: Navidad Bar , Colima , Mexico , 16–32 m , 3 sh ; off Piedras Blancas , Nayarit , Mexico , 18 m , 10 sh . Original diagnosis. “ C. ( Elephantulum ) t. juniore vitrea, diaphana, adulta solida; liris validis quadratis et interstitiis profundis ornata; aperturam versus haud tumente; septo ungulato, subprominente, apice obtuso, paululum dextrorsum verso, margine laterali subrecto; operculo?” Carpenter (1857: 315) . Description. Protoconch unknown. Teleoconch I short, sculptured with narrow longitudinal ribs and weak striae, crossed by fine axial growth lines ( Fig. 37C ), transition to teleoconch II marked by axial incised line ( Fig. 37A ). Teleoconch II about 4.5 times length of teleoconch I, sculptured with identical characters as previous stage ( Fig. 37C ), transition to teleoconch III marked by axial incised line ( Fig. 37A ). Teleoconch III sculptured with low, flattened, longitudinal ribs and weak striae, crossed by axial growth lines ( Fig. 37D ), transition to teleoconch IV marked by rapid increase in diameter ( Fig. 37B ). Teleoconch IV sculptured with rounded longitudinal ribs and weak striae ( Fig. 37F ), transition to teleoconch V marked by suture ( Fig. 38A ). Teleoconch V (last growth stage) large for genus [Tol 2.61–3.10 mm ], tubular, thick, robust, mildly to moderately and regularly arched [Larc: 0.90–1.03 mm ; Arc: 0.22–0.25 mm ], subcylindrical, with slight increase in diameter from posterior to aperture, semi-translucent white ( Figs. 36 A–B). Longitudinal sculpture comprised of 15–20 strong, regularly spaced ribs ( Fig. 37H ). Longitudinal interspaces wider than ribs ( Figs. 37 G–H). Surface glossy, with fine, continuous, longitudinal striae in interspaces of longitudinal ridges ( Fig. 37G ). Posterior [Dpe: 0.49–0.55 mm ] with thick edge, squared shoulder ( Fig. 36C ). Septum mucronate, inflated ( Fig. 36C ). Mucro heel-like, positioned on dorsal margin ( Fig. 36C ). Aperture [Da: 0.60–0.74 mm ] thick, slightly flared ( Fig. 38H ). No varix. Lip smooth, with deflected peristome ( Fig. 36C ). Periostracum thin, smooth, light tan ( Fig. 36A ). Operculum thin, light brown; exterior surface with 6–7 concentric rings ( Figs. 36 D–E). Conceptual reconstruction of growth stages shown in Fig. 38A . Distribution and Habitat. From Saladita Bay, Guaymas, Mexico to Tumbes , Peru . Intertidal to 45 m . Uncommon subtidally on sand and rubble substrates. FIGURE 36. Caecum insculptum . A . Profile view with periostracum (LACM 1972-57.44). B . Profile view without periostracum (LACM 1972-57.44). C . Ventral view (LACM 1972-58.63). D . Operculum, exterior surface (LACM 1972-57.44). E . Operculum, interior surface (LACM 1972-57.44). F . Syntype, NHMUK 1857.6.4.1514. G . C. mirabile , syntype, MNHN-IM- 2000-4593. Remarks. The type material of Caecum insculptum is comprised of one subadult and one adult (NHMUK 1857.6.4.1514, Fig. 36F ). Raines and Pizzini (2009: 120) made reference to a “ Caecum insculptum ” complex, which represents a group of caecids with longitudinal lines and grooves. Of all the eastern Pacific species, C. insculptum has the most well-developed longitudinal grooves. Raines and Pizzini (2009: 116) also suggested C. mirabile and C. mirificum de Folin, 1867 were synonyms. However, further examination suggests that the type material of C. mirabile (MNHN-IM-2000-4593, Fig. 36G ) is actually conspecific with C. insculptum .