Four new Myrtaceae from Amazonian Brazil Author Sobral, Marcos Author Souza, Maria Anália Duarte De text Phytotaxa 2017 2017-05-19 307 1 55 64 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.307.1.5 journal article 10.11646/phytotaxa.307.1.5 1179-3163 13690210 4. Plinia tapuruquarana M.A.D.Souza & Sobral , sp. nov. Type : BRAZIL . Amazonas : [Mun. Santa Isabel do Rio Negro], Tapuruquara , 19 October 1971 , G . T . Prance, P . J . Maas, D. B . Woolcott, O . P . Monteiro & J . F . Ramos 15713 ( holotype MG !; isotypes INPA !, NY ). Figure 4 . Diagnosis: —This species is apparently related to Plinia pinnata Linnaeus (1753: 516) , from which it differs by its wider blades (to 150 × 85 mm and less than three times longer than wide versus to 150 × 40 mm and more than three times longer than wide in P. pinnata ), petioles about 3.5 times longer than wide (vs. about 7 times longer than wide) and larger flowers (buds to 12 × 10 mm vs. up to 4 × 4 mm ). Description: —Tree to 5 m . Twigs slightly complanate, when young densely covered with brown or purple trichomes to 0.1 mm , these falling with age and then the twigs are grey and somewhat exfoliating, the internodes 45–70 × 2–3 mm . Leaves with petioles terete, 8–11 × 1.8–2.5 mm , glabrous, blackish when dry; blades ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, 95–165 × 36–70 mm , 2.3–2.8 times longer than wide, glabrous, slightly discolorous when dry, dark brown adaxially and lighter abaxially, glandular dots smaller than 0.1 mm in diameter and ca. 15/mm², visible and moderately raised abaxially; apex acuminate in 12–24 mm ; base widely cuneate; midvein strongly raised on both sides; lateral veins 15–20 at each side, leaving the midvein at angles 70–80°, moderately raised on both sides; marginal vein 1–3 mm from the moderately revolute margin. Inflorescences axillary or ramiflorous, with up to six sessile, glomerate flowers along an axis to 2 mm ; bracts not seen; bracteoles obovate, to 5 × 3 mm , with simple grey trichomes to 0.2 mm , more densely so abaxially; flower buds globose to obovate, 10–12 × 10 mm , either uniformly and densely covered with simple grey trichomes 0.5–1 mm or with trichomes more dense along the proximal half; calyx lobes four, more or less equal between them, elliptic or widely elliptic, 4–5 × 4 mm , glabrous or somewhat pubescent adaxially; petals four, rounded or obovate, densely covered with simple white trichomes to 0.1 mm on both faces; stamens not counted, to 10 mm , the anthers oblong, to 0.8 × 0.3–0.4 mm , eglandular; staminal ring 3–4 mm in diameter, with trichomes as the lobes; calyx tube to 3 mm deep, sparingly pubescent; style glabrous, 12–15 mm , the stigma punctiform; ovary with two locules and two ovules per locule. Fruits immature, oblate, to 28 × 31 mm , longitudinally 8-ridged; seed not examined due to the scarcity of the material. Distribution, habitat and phenology: —This species is known from two collections in the northwestern portion of the state of Amazonas . It was collected in forests near Negro river; flowers were collected in October and fruits in May. Conservation: —Considering the existence of only two collections made more than 40 years ago, it is not possible to assess confidently any conservation status for the species; so, it must be therefore scored as DD (Data Deficient) according to IUCN conservation criteria ( IUCN 2001 ). Etymology: —The epithet is derived from the collection site, Tapuruquara. Affinities: —This species is apparently related to Plinia pinnata (for description see Amshoff 1951: 98 ; no type image available online), from which it is distinguished by the characters given in the diagnosis. It is noteworthy that Rogers McVaugh (1909–2009) the long-lived myrtologist who devoted many years of his prolific career working on Amazonian Myrtaceae , has spotted this species as new in 1972—but then abandoned his research on the Myrtaceae and did not described it. Paratype : — BRAZIL . Amazonas: [possibly São Gabriel da Cachoeira] Rio Negro, entre a ponta da ilha Marauiá e Massarabi, no caminho para Uaupés, 1 May 1973 , M.F.Silva, P. Machado & O. Pires 1195 (INPA!).