A recent inventory of the bats of Mozambique with documentation of seven new species for the country Author Monadjem, Ara All Out Africa Research Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Swaziland, Private Bag 4, Kwaluseni, Swaziland ara@uniswacc.uniswa.sz Author Schoeman, M. Corrie School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, Republic of South Africa Author Reside, April All Out Africa, P. O. Box 153, Lobamba, Swaziland Author P Io, Dorothea V. Département d’Ecologie et Evolution, Université de Lausanne, Biophore 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland Author Stoffberg, Samantha Evolutionary Genomics Group, Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X 1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, Republic of South Africa Author Bayliss, Julian Mulanje Mountain Conservation Trust (MMCT), P. O. Box 139, Mulanje, Malawi & Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK Author (Woody) Cotterill, F. P. D. AEON - Africa Earth Observatory Network, Departments of Geological Sciences, and Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, Republic of South Africa Author Curran, Michael Institute of Biogeography, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Vorstadt 10, CH- 4056, Switzerland Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, HIF C 13, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 15, CH- 8093 Zurich, Switzerland Durban Natural Science Museum, P. O. Box 4085, Durban, Republic of South Africa Department of Ecology and Resource Management, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Venda, Private Bag X 5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, Republic of South Africa Corresponding author: E-mail: ara @ uniswacc. uniswa. sz Author Kopp, Mirjam Institute of Biogeography, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Vorstadt 10, CH- 4056, Switzerland Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, HIF C 13, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 15, CH- 8093 Zurich, Switzerland Durban Natural Science Museum, P. O. Box 4085, Durban, Republic of South Africa Department of Ecology and Resource Management, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Venda, Private Bag X 5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, Republic of South Africa Corresponding author: E-mail: ara @ uniswacc. uniswa. sz Author Taylor, Peter J. Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, HIF C 13, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 15, CH- 8093 Zurich, Switzerland 11 Durban Natural Science Museum, P. O. Box 4085, Durban, Republic of South Africa text Acta Chiropterologica 2010 2010-12-01 12 2 371 391 journal article 21491 10.3161/150811010X537963 d8534224-63f8-4837-bff7-f3639a531b3d 1733-5329 3944583 Kerivoula cf. phalaena Thomas 1912 A single adult male of this species was recorded in mid-altitude forest on Mount Mabu. It is smaller than the two Southern African species, K. lanosa and K. argentata . The species may be undescribed, or may represent a new record of an existing species (not previously recorded in Southern Africa). The two candidate species in Africa that match the overall size and coloration of this enigmatic specimen are Kerivoula africana Dobson 1878 and K. phalaena Thomas 1912 . However, the distinction between these two species is unclear based on the original species descriptions. Hayman and Hill (1971) discern the two species based on pelage coloration and the number of cusps on the inner, upper incisors (bicuspid in K. africana and unicuspid in K. phalaena ). However, these characters are inconclusive in the Mount Mabu specimen. The specimen exhibits a dark brown coloration both dorsally and ventrally, lacking characteristic grizzling, and has a conspicuous secondary cusp on the inner, upper incisor. However, cranial and external measurements are larger than reported for K. africana , and other dental and cranial characters differ (and are more similar to K. phalaena ). Therefore the specimen may represent an undescribed species, but this requires confirmation with an appropriate sample size of comparative specimens. In any case, this Mount Mabu specimen represents a most interesting discovery for Mozambique , and the first record of a Kerivoula species in the africana / phalaena group for Southern Africa as defined by Monadjem et al . (2010) . Field measurements: FA (adult male) 27.5 (1), BM (adult male) 3.5 (1)