Unveiling Utricularia amethystina’s true colours: a taxonomic revision of one of the largest species complexes (U. sect. Foliosa, Lentibulariaceae) Author Baleeiro, Paulo C. 0000-0002-0484-3166 Department of Biological Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4076, Australia. & National Herbarium of New South Wales, Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. & uqpbalee @ uq. edu. au; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0484 - 3166 uqpbalee@uq.edu.au Author Gonella, Paulo M. 0000-0001-8332-5326 Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Departamento de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Campus Sete Lagoas, Rodovia MG- 424, km 47, 35701 - 970, Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil. & pmgonella @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8332 - 5326 pmgonella@gmail.com Author Sano, Paulo T. 0000-0002-1709-1215 Department of Botany - Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo. Rua do Matão, 277, 05508 - 090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. & ptsano @ usp. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1709 - 1215 ptsano@usp.br Author Jobson, Richard W. 0000-0002-1822-9634 National Herbarium of New South Wales, Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. & richard. Jobson @ botanicgardens. nsw. gov. au; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1822 - 9634 obson@botanicgardens.nsw.gov.au text Phytotaxa 2022 2022-12-15 576 1 29 54 http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN journal article 10.11646/phytotaxa.576.1.2 e182c4cc-2536-4f6c-bdb0-be4704e50e4d 1179-3163 7440860 4. Utricularia chapadensis Baleeiro, Gonella, R.W.Jobson , sp. nov. — Fig. 4L–M Type :— BRAZIL : Mato Grosso . Municipality of Chapada dos Guimar„es, outside the limit of Chapada dos Guimaraes National Park , beside the track to Cave Aroe Jari , soaked rocky soil. -15.611278 , -55.49475 766 m alt, 28 April 2013 , Baleeiro & Cardoso 320 ( Holotype : SPF !; Isotype: NSW !, UFMT !) . Diagnosis :— U. chapadensis is morphologically distinct for its bright yellow corolla with rounded gibba and long curved spur at least 2x longer than the lower lip. Illustrations: —fig. 2K ( Baleeiro et al. 2016 ). Description :—Terrestrial. Small to medium sized annual herb . Rhizoids not observed. Stolons leaf like up to 20 mm long. Leaves dimorphic, at peduncle base, spathulate, 2–4(–6) mm long, multinerved, some nerves converging the base, or linear 1–3, single nerve up to 10 mm long.; traps dimorphic, both types globose, larger up to 2 mm long, smaller c. 0.5 mm long. Inflorescence simple, lax, (5–)70–100(–250) mm long, peduncle glabrous; scales chartaceous, rhombic, deltoid or ovate-elliptic, entire rounded apex 0.35–0.4(–0.6) mm long; bract and bracteoles connate above the middle, up to 1 mm long. Flowers not racemose, 1(–3); calyx lobes unequal, chartaceous, glabrous, inconspicuous nerves simple, upper lobe broadly ovate, culpulate, apex rounded, margin not hyaline, 1.9–3.0 x 1.6–2.4 mm wide; lower lobe shorter, broadly elliptic, not hyaline, apex emarginate, 1.1–2.2 × 1.2–2.3 mm ; corolla bright yellow, 14–25 mm long, upper lip with sparse glandular trichomes on adaxial surface, ovate or ovate deltoid, apex rounded, 2x> than calyx lobes, 2.9–4.9 × 2.3–4.8 mm , lower lip transversally elliptic, base gibbous, apex 3-lobed, 4.4–7.0 × 4.7–8.4 mm , spur conical usually curved backwards, 8.5–12.7 mm long 2–3x longer than the lower lip; filaments curved, 0.8–1 mm long, theca similar. Ovary globose. Capsule globose 3 mm long; stigma lip not covered by calyx lobe. Seeds obliquely ovoid c. 0.35 mm long. Distribution and ecology: —This species occurs in the southwest of Goias and southeast Mato Grosso , Central– West Brazil . Flowering from March to June, fruiting from May to June. Etymology: —The specific epithet refers to the type locality, Chapada dos Guimar„es National Park. Conservation status: —Endangered—EN B2ab(i, ii, iii). Utricularia chapadensis presents a relatively broad range (EOO = 78,500 km 2 ), but is known from few locations (AOO = 28 km 2 ) in populations that are severely fragmented in a region that suffers from intense habitat destruction, intensification of anthropogenic fires, eutrophication of wetlands, and invasive species. Therefore, we recommend that the species be assessed as Endangered, following IUCN (2012) categories and criteria. While U. chapadensis . Notes: —While Utricularia chapadensis ( Fig. 4L,M ) most closely resembles U. pantaneira , due to the yellow corolla, the molecular phylogeny of Baleeiro et al . (2019) places it as sister to U. lindmanii from Tocantins . U. pantaneira differs from U. chapadensis by having a round gibba, short lower lobes and a spur at least 2x longer than the flower lip. The habitat is also distinct from that U. chapadensis , found in in small patches on rocky outcrops of sandy-soaked soils. Besides that, U. chapadensis can be easily confused with members of U . sect. Setiscapella as seen in Coelho et al . (2017) identified as U. pusilla Vahl (1804: 202) . The easiest way to distinguish both sections is by the basifix bract with two bracteoles connected in the base in U. sect. Foliosa , opposed to the peltate and lacks bracteoles in U. sect. Setiscapella . Additional specimens Examined: — BRAZIL . GOIÁS : Jataí , entrando a direita no km 268 da BR158 para Estância , seguindo 3km por estrada de terra até morro com encosta brejosa a direita, 2 Mai. 1999, Rivadavia & Sato 1025 ( SPF ) . Portelândia , Alto da Pedra Aparada , alguns km ao norte da cidade pela estrada para Ponte Branca , 5 Mai. 1999, Rivadavia & Sato 1078 ( SPF ) ; ibid , 25 Jun. 2013 , Baleeiro & Carneiro 350 ( SPF ) . MATO GROSSO : Chapada dos Guimarães ; córrego próximo a caverna Aroe Jari (estrada velha), solo encharcado, 5˚36’33.8’’, 55˚29’03.7’’, 28 Abr. 2013 , Baleeiro & Cardoso 317 ( SPF ) . Chapada dos Guimar „es, ao lado da trilha para a caverna Aroe Jari (trilha nova), limite com o Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Guimar „es, 28 Abr. 2013 , Baleeiro & Cardoso 320 ( SPF ) . Jaciara , Fazenda Usina , 21 Mai. 2009, Ramos 3 ( UFMT ) .