Unraveling one of the ‘ Big Five’: update of the taxonomy of Triphoridae (Gastropoda, Triphoroidea) from Brazil Author Fernandes, Maurício Romulo 3B8B864F-3300-45B2-8D1F-61F282F83CDE Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Pasteur, 458, Urca, 22290 - 240, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. & Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, 20940 - 040, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. mauriciofernandes14@hotmail.com Author Pimenta, Alexandre Dias 2A42AE1F-6AF8-4AB3-975C-D3CE4D678F22 Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, 20940 - 040, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. alexpim@mn.ufrj.br text European Journal of Taxonomy 2020 2020-06-12 665 665 1 170 journal article 10.5852/ejt.2020.665 06748f67-18d9-4c3e-a14c-77de1664d81b 2118-9773 3899047 836C9171-0849-4F4D-BC8D-90C2D9E8B9D1 Cosmotriphora melanura (C.B. Adams, 1850) Fig. 88 Cerithium melanura C.B. Adams, 1850: 117 . Cerithium moniliferum Lea, 1843 non Deshayes, 1833: 269 , pl. 37 fig. 92. Cerithium dealbatum C.B. Adams, 1850: 117 . New synonymy. Cerithium submoniliferum d’Orbigny, 1852: 83 . Triforis grimaldii Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1906: 41 , pl. 3 figs 9–10. Uncertain synonymy. Triforis melanura – Smith 1890: 291 (it requires confirmation). — Dall 1892: 264 . — Dall & Simpson 1901: 423 , pl. 58 fig. 7. Cerithium melanura – Clench & Turner 1950: 307 , pl. 38 fig. 10. Cerithium dealbatum – Clench & Turner 1950: 271 , pl. 38 fig. 3. Triphora melanura – Parker & Curray 1956: 2434 . — Warmke & Abbott 1962: 76 , pl. 13 fig. l. — Rice & Kornicker 1962: 120 , pl. 2 fig. 13. — Rios 1970: 45 ; 1975: 50, pl. 13 fig. 187; 1985: 161, pl. 53 fig. 761; 1994: 94, pl. 31 fig. 374; 2009: 172. — Abbott 1974: 111 , fig. 1134. — Ekdale 1974: 644 . — Vokes & Vokes 1983: 18 , pl. 27 fig. 14. — De Jong & Coomans 1988: 49 . — Absalão 1989: 3 . — Díaz 1994: 33 . — Hess & Abbott 1994: 147 . — Merlano & Hegedus 1994: 148 , pl. 46 fig. 524. — Rocha et al . 1997: 23 . — Barros et al . 2002: 31 . — Coelho-Filho 2004: 25 . — Absalão et al . 2006: 238 , fig. 9. — Gomes et al . 2006: 188 . — Montagna 2006: 23 . — Daccarett & Bossio 2011: 92 , fig. 420. Triphora dealbatum – Treece 1980: 560 . Triphora ( Cosmotriphora ) melanura – Odé 1989: 109 , fig. 3. Cosmotriphora melanura – Marshall 1983: 110 , pl. 27 figs d–f. — Bouchet 1985: 35 , figs 2, 16, 27 (it requires confirmation). — Fernandes & Rolán 1988: 22 , pl. 1 fig. 1, pl. 2 fig. 2 (it requires confirmation); 1993: 35 (it requires confirmation). — Leal 1991: 120 , pl. 16 figs f–g. — Rolán & Fernández-Garcés 1994: 19 , figs 11, 25–26, 30 CM; 2007: 20, pl. 1 figs 14–16; 2015: 54, pl. 4 fig. c. — Redfern 2001: 65 , pl. 32 fig. 274; 2013: 128, fig. 362. — Espinosa & Ortea 2001: 20 . — Ardovini & Cossignani 2004: 134 (it requires confirmation). — Rolán 2005: 106 , pl. 30 fig. 438 (it requires confirmation). — Cruz & Gándara 2006: 132 . — Jensen & Pearce 2009: 128 . — Lee 2009: 88 . — Oliveira et al . 2009: 180 . — Tunnell et al . 2010: 204 . — Garcia & Lee 2011 . — Zhang 2011: 99 , fig. 290. — Espinosa et al . 2012: 257 . — García & Capote 2012: 22 ; 2013: 29. — Fernandes et al . 2013: 5 , figs 3, 19, 30. — Lamy & Pointier 2018: 284 , pl. 91 fig. 5a–b. — Fernandes & Pimenta 2019a: 15 , figs 2c, 7–8 . Material examined BAHAMAS • 1 spec. ; Abaco ; C. Redfern leg.; BMSM 55420 • 5 specs ; Abaco ; C. Redfern leg.; BMSM 55422 • 8 specs ; Abaco ; C. Redfern leg.; BMSM 55423 • 7 specs ; Abaco ; C. Redfern leg.; BMSM 55424 . BRAZIL – North Brazil • 2 specs ; REVIZEE-Norte III st. 176; UFMA * • 5 specs; REVIZEE-Norte III st. 211A; UFMA*. – Amapá • 1 spec. ; 03º58′43″ N , 49º33′24″ W ; 2001; MNRJ 32572 * • 1 spec. ; AMASSEDS st. 4134; MNRJ 34459 * • 2 specs ; 02º11′18″ N , 47º49′18″ W ; depth 75–80 m ; 8 Nov. 2008 ; OC. Ship Amorim do Valle leg.; MZSP 95756 • 1 spec. ; 01º44′47″ N , 47º54′42″ W ; depth 50– 63 m ; 10 Nov. 2008 ; OC. Ship Amorim do Valle leg.; with soft part preservation; MZSP 94628 . – Pará • 6 specs ; 00º48′ N , 45º36′ W ; depth 55 m ; Jan. 1981 ; MORG 21711 . – Maranhão • 1 spec. ; 01º30′33″ S , 43º20′28″ W ; depth 59 m ; 22 Nov. 2008 ; OC. Ship Amorim do Valle leg.; MZSP 94407 . – Ceará • 1 spec. ; 02º32′00″ S , 39º22′00″ W ; depth 48 m ; 7 Nov. 1990 ; OC. Ship Victor Hensen leg.; UFC 483 • 1 spec. ; 03º35′ S , 37º57′ W ; depth 43 m ; 17 Apr. 1968 ; OC. Ship Almirante Saldanha leg.; MORG 13105 • 3 specs ; 03º35′ S , 38º19′ W ; depth 27 m ; 17Apr. 1968 ; OC. Ship Almirante Saldanha leg.; MORG 14781 . – Rio Grande do Norte • 3 specs ; BPot 1-MR31; MNRJ 31498 * • 2 specs ; BPot 1-MR32; MNRJ 31499 * • 12 specs ; BPot 1-MR41; MNRJ 31500 * • 17 specs ; BPot 1-MR42; MNRJ 31501 * • 18 specs ; BPot 1-MR43; MNRJ 31502 * • 9 specs ; BPot 1-MR44; MNRJ 31503 * • 11 specs ; BPot 1-MR45; MNRJ 31504 * • 10 specs ; BPot 2-MR42; MNRJ 31505 * • 22 specs ; BPot 2-MR44; MNRJ 31506 * • 18 specs ; BPot 2-MR45; MNRJ 31507 * • 1 spec. ; 04º33′17″ S , 36º56′35″ W ; depth 130–160 m ; 21 May 2011 ; MNRJ 35178 * • 1 spec. ; 04º36′43″ S , 36º46′45″ W ; depth 140 m ; 22 May 2011 ; MNRJ 35176 * • 1 spec. ; 04º44′11″ S , 36º24′55″ W ; depth 425–450 m ; 7 May 2011 ; MNRJ 35111 * • 4 specs ; 04º44′53″ S , 36º25′27″ W ; depth 102–108 m ; 23 May 2011 ; MNRJ 35115 *. – Fernando de Noronha Archipelago • 1 spec. ; Buraco do Inferno ; 03º48′30″ S , 32º22′42″ W ; 3 May 2005 ; L.R.L. Simone leg.; MZSP 49038 . – Pernambuco • 2 specs ; 08º42′ S , 34º44′ W ; depth 480 m ; 30 Jan. 2001 ; OC. Ship Antares leg.; MORG 49346 *. – Alagoas • 1 spec. ; Ponta Verde , Maceió ; P. Cardoso leg.; FLMNH 151634 • 1 spec. ; Ponta Verde , Maceió ; P. Cardoso leg.; MORG 33739 • 2 specs; Jaraguá , Maceió ; MNRJ 18609 * • 4 specs ; Jaraguá , Maceió ; MORG 18262 • 56 specs ; Jaraguá , Maceió ; MORG 33737 • 1 spec. ; Petro/MAR st. 19; UFS • 14 specs ; Petro/MAR st. 21; UFS. – Sergipe • 2 specs ; Petro/UFS st. E5-A1; with soft part preservation; UFS • 3 specs ; Petro/UFS st. E5-A2; with soft part preservation; UFS • 36 specs ; Petro/UFS st. E6-A1; UFS • 1 spec. ; Petro/UFS st. E6-A2; with soft part preservation; UFS • 38 specs ; Petro/UFS st. 15.3; UFS • 19 specs ; Petro/UFS st. 18.1; UFS . – Bahia • 7 specs ; Salvador , Itapuã ; MNRJ 41469 * • 36 specs ; Salvador , Itapuã ; MORG 33728 • 4 specs ; Salvador , Itapuã ; MZSP 133320 • 3 specs ; Salvador , Itapuã ; 17 Jul. 1967 ; E. Rios leg.; MORG 13821 • 11 specs ; Salvador , Itapuã ; 17 Jul. 1967 ; E. Rios leg.; MORG 16398 • 30 specs ; Salvador , intertidal pool; May 1982 ; G. Oliveira leg.; MNRJ 21362 * • 15 specs ; Salvador , intertidal pool; Nov. 1991 ; G. Oliveira leg.; MORG 41454 • 5 specs ; Salvador ; MZSP 64873 • 2 specs ; off Camamú ; depth 52 m ; 11 Dec. 2002 ; MORG 52617 • 5 specs ; 13º28′16″ S , 38º48′43″ W ; depth 35 m ; 24 Nov. 2007 ; MNRJ 32607 * • 2 specs ; 13º28′16″ S , 38º48′43″ W ; depth 35 m ; 25 Nov. 2010 ; MNRJ 32996 * • 2 specs ; 13º28′54″ S , 38º49′08″ W ; depth 30 m ; Sep. 2007 ; MNRJ 32610 * • 2 specs ; 13º28′50″ S , 38º48′08″ W ; depth 33 m ; Sep. 2007 ; MNRJ 32612 * • 1 spec. ; 13º35′24″ S , 38º44′50″ W ; depth 40 m ; May 2009 ; MNRJ 32928 * • 2 specs ; Boipeba ; 13º35′44″ S , 38º49′04″ W ; 31 Mar. 2003 ; MNRJ 17254 * • 1 spec. ; Baía de Camamu ; M. Ximenes and V. Abud leg.; Dec. 2001 ; MNRJ 18945 * • 1 spec. ; 15º34′ S , 38º40′ W ; depth 54 m ; Oct. 2005 ; MNRJ 30699 * • 53 specs ; Ilhéus ; MNRJ 32369 * • 2 specs ; Canavieiras ; Apr. 2011 ; MNRJ 30722 * • 1 spec. ; Canavieiras ; Apr. 2011 ; MNRJ 32364 * • 2 specs ; off Belmonte ; depth 48 m ; Sep. 1968 ; OC. Ship Almirante Saldanha leg.; MORG 13794 • 1 spec. ; Minerva Bank ; 17º06′ S , 37º38′ W ; depth 120 m ; Aug. 2012 ; MZSP 110974 • 1 spec. ; REVIZEE-Central C1-C76; IBUFRJ 9686 • 59 specs ; REVIZEE-Central C5-7R; IBUFRJ 14378 • 6 specs ; REVIZEE-Central C2-7R; MNRJ 12739 * • 2 specs ; REVIZEE-Central C5-13R; IBUFRJ 13317 • 5 specs ; REVIZEE-Central C5-12R; MNRJ 12777 * • 3 specs ; REVIZEE-Central C2-10R; IBUFRJ 10631 • 2 specs ; Abrolhos ; Jan. 1985 ; MORG 38626 . – Espírito Santo • 1 spec. ; REVIZEE-Central C1-C65; IBUFRJ 12889 • 4 specs ; REVIZEE-Central C1-C64; IBUFRJ 12888 • 1 spec. ; REVIZEE-Central C1-C64; IBUFRJ 19493 • 1 spec. ; REVIZEE-Central C5-20R; IBUFRJ 13316 • 12 specs ; REVIZEE-Central C1-VV38; IBUFRJ 12890 • 1 spec. ; 19º25′34″ S , 39º22′16″ W ; depth 42 m ; Oct. 2003 ; MNRJ 32602 * • 1 spec. ; 19º26′ S , 39º22′ W ; depth 46 m ; Oct. 2003 ; MNRJ 30706 * • 1 spec. ; 19º26′ S , 39º22′ W ; depth 46 m ; Oct. 2003 ; MNRJ 30725 * • 2 specs ; 19º26′ S , 39º22′ W ; depth 46 m ; Oct. 2003 MNRJ 32839 * • 1 spec. ; 19º26′19″ S , 39º15′17″ W ; depth 53 m ; Oct. 2003 ; MNRJ 30713 * • 2 specs ; REVIZEE-Central C1-VV24; IBUFRJ 12887 • 1 spec. ; REVIZEE-Central C1-VV24; MORG 52257 • 4 specs ; 20º18′ S , 40º14′ W ; Mar. 1993 ; V. Abud leg.; MORG 40030 • 1 spec. ; Guarapari ; 1970; MORG 22003 • 4 specs ; Piúma ; 1993; IBUFRJ 8584 . – Vitória-Trindade Chain • 2 specs ; Trindade Island ; depth 10 m ; Mar. 1986 ; MORG 24415 • 1 spec. ; Trindade Island , Praia dos Portugueses ; depth 12–18 m ; 21 May 1950 ; MNHN-Mo 8010 * • 2 specs ; Trindade Island , Fundeadouro ; depth 12 m ; 15 Sep. 1987 ; L. Barcellos and L. Laurino leg.; MORG 25579 • 1 spec. ; Trindade Island ; 20º29′40″ S , 29º20′33″ W ; depth 12 m ; 2 Apr. 2014 ; J. Mendonça leg.; MZSP 122246 • 1 spec. ; 20º29′52″ S , 29º19′15″ W ; depth 14 m ; 22 Apr. 2014 ; J. Braga leg.; with soft part preservation; MZSP 118269 • 1 spec. ; Trindade Island ; 20º30′21″ S , 24º18′44″ W , depth 13 m ; 18 Jul. 2013 ; D. Abbate leg.; MZSP 115553 • 1 spec. ; Trindade Island , Ilha da Racha ; 20º30′26″ S , 29º20′48″ W ; depth 22 Jun. 2012 ; with soft part preservation; MZSP 109631 • 2 specs ; Trindade Island , Praia da Calheta ; 20º30′26″ S , 29º18′44″ W ; 18 Jun. 2012 ; MZSP 109764 . – Campos Basin ( Espírito Santo / Rio de Janeiro ) • 2 specs ; 20º42′ S , 40º06′ W ; 28 Aug. 1979 ; OC. Ship Almirante Câmara leg.; IBUFRJ 7567 • 4 specs ; REVIZEE-Central C6-Y7; MNRJ 33789 * • 1 spec. ; 21º09′ S , 40º31′ W ; 27 Aug. 1979 ; OC. Ship Almirante Câmara leg.; IBUFRJ 7669 • 1 spec. ; REVIZEE-Central C2-36R; IBUFRJ 10703 • 1 spec. ; REVIZEE-Central C1-VV22; IBUFRJ 11367 • 1 spec. ; REVIZEE-Central C1-VV22; MORG 41734 • 1 spec. ; 21º15′ S , 40º20′ W ; 28 Aug. 1979 ; OC. Ship Almirante Câmara leg.; IBUFRJ 19513 • 2 specs ; 20º53′ S , 40º12′ W ; 26 Aug. 1979 ; OC. Ship Almirante Câmara leg.; IBUFRJ 19518 • 8 specs ; REVIZEE-Central C1-VV21; IBUFRJ 19537 • 11 specs ; REVIZEE-Central C1-VV21; MNRJ 33794 * • 1 spec. ; REVIZEE-Central C1-VV17; IBUFRJ 19560 • 3 specs ; 22º42′ S , 40º40′ W ; depth 5–10 m ; Mar. 2007 ; MNRJ 15401 * • 1 spec. ; HAB 13-H1; MNRJ 17963 * • 2 specs ; HAB 13-H2; MNRJ 17975 * • 3 specs ; HAB 13-I2 ; MNRJ 17978 * • 1 spec. ; HAB 11-G4; MNRJ 17979 * • 1 spec. ; HAB 11-C4; MNRJ 17981 * • 1 spec. ; HAB 16-B4; MNRJ 18367 * • 2 specs ; HAB 16-H2; MNRJ 18404 * • 6 specs ; HAB 17-I2 ; MNRJ 18409 * • 3 specs ; HAB 16-H3; MNRJ 18417 * • 1 spec. ; 23º04′ S , 40º59′ W ; 17 Dec. 2004 ; MNRJ 18970 * • 1 spec. ; 23º05′ S , 40º58′ W ; depth 100 m ; 2004; MNRJ 30866 * • 2 specs ; 23º05′ S , 40º58′ W ; depth 100 m ; 2004; MNRJ 32639 * • 1 spec. ; 23º09′00″ S , 41º02′06″ W ; Oct. 2008 ; MNRJ 32076 * • 1 spec. ; REVIZEE C1-VV21; MORG 52202 • 1 spec. ; Campos Basin ; 2003; MORG 52232 . – Rio de Janeiro • 1 spec. ; Búzios , Praia da Ferradura ; MNRJ 18598 *. Fig. 88. Cosmotriphora melanura (C.B. Adams, 1850) . A . Lectotype, MCZ 186159. B . MNRJ 18409*, 4.64 mm. C . MNRJ 31498*, 4.68 mm. D . MNRJ 32607*, 4.36 mm. E . MNRJ 32996*, 7.87 mm. F . MNRJ 18409*, 5.06 mm. G–I, K–L . Same shell as F. J . Same shell as E. Scale bars: B–F = 1 mm; G–I = 500 µm; J–K = 100 µm; L = 50 µm. COLOMBIA • 1 spec. ; Tayrona , Cabo de la Aguja ; 11º18′17″ N , 74º11′25″ W ; depth 8–17 m ; 30 Dec ; 1988; L. Escobar leg.; INV MOL950 • 1 spec. ; Archipiélagos Coralinos ; 09º50′19″ N , 76º10′19″ W ; depth 98 m ; 30 Apr. 2005 ; A. Clavijo leg.; INV MOL6537 . VENEZUELA • 2 specs ; Isla Margarita , Los Roques ; depth 60 m ; Dec. 2004 ; MZSP 65903 . UNITED STATES OF AMERICA – Florida • 3 specs ; off Boynton Beach ; depth 27–58 m ; Sep. 1967 • 1 spec. ; Deerfield Beach ; depth 3–5 m ; Jun. 1998 ; P. Souza leg.; MZSP 42454 . – Louisiana • 1 spec. ; depth 55–65 m ; BMSM 51053 . Remarks Rolán & Fernández-Garcés (2008) suspected that Triphora dealbata (C.B. Adams, 1850) could be related to C . melanura (C.B. Adams, 1850) , both described from Jamaica . The lectotype of T . dealbata is broken, without apex (Clench & Turner 1950: pl. 38 fig. 3), but its teleoconch is equal to that of C . melanura . Because C . melanura has priority over T . dealbata , appearing at the top of the same page on which T . dealbata was described, T . dealbata is regarded as a junior synonym.