Revision of the Hawaiian endemic leaf-mining moth genus Philodoria Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): its conservation status, host plants and descriptions of thirteen new species Author Kobayashi, Shigeki 0000-0002-1336-4730 crossroad1994@hotmail.co.jp Author Johns, Chris A. 0000-0002-1749-3847 Author Kawahara, Akito Y. 0000-0002-1749-3847 text Zootaxa 2021 2021-03-17 4944 1 1 175 journal article 7393 10.11646/zootaxa.4944.1.1 8adfa0f6-06a7-44b5-a3be-351d0bdc7a62 1175-5326 4681813 380D2F75-D4F9-4974-97E2-25E0C62CB3B0 Philodoria dubauticola ( Swezey, 1940 ) Figs. 14A , 27A , 34E , 47C , 48C , 49C , 58C, D , 88B–F . Parectopa dubauticola Swezey, 1940: 463–464 . Philodoria dubauticola Swezey, 1940 ; Zimmerman 1978a: 667 , figs. 441, 447; Johns et al . (2016) : 63 , 64, fig. 1. Type locality. Ridge above Haelaau (Maui). Type material. Lectotype ♀ , Ridge above Haelaau, Maui, 20.xii.1928 , O.H. Swezey Collector, Dubautia , | Holotype Parectopa dubauticola Swezey | Type no. 4258 in BPBM (here designated). Described from three specimens reared from Dubautia leaf mines collected on the ridge above Haelaau, Maui. Swezey considered them as holotype and paratypes as indicated on their specimen labels. However, because a holotype was not specified in the original description, the so-labeled types can all be considered syntypes under Article 73.2 of the Code ( ICZN 1999 ), and any of them is eligible for designation as lectotype under Article 74 of the Code ( ICZN 1999 ). The syntype ‘Holotype’ is here designated as lectotype ( Fig. 14A ) and the remaining syntypes are paralectotypes , but we could not find them in BPBM . Additional material. 7 (3♂, 3♀ , 1 sex unknown): 2♂, 3♀ , 1 (sex unknown), Haelaau , Maui , 29.iv.& 7.v.2013 (stored), C.A. Johns leg., host: Dubautia laxa , 10.iv.2013 , CJ077 / KT982408 (see Remarks), CJ083 / PHIL0023♂, CJ084, CJ094 / SK 645♀ , CJ111 / PHIL0008 ♀ , CJ256 / SK646♂ in BPBM ; 1♂, Helu , Maui , 14.iii.2015 (stored), K. Bustamente leg., host: D. laxa , 18.xii.2014 , KMB01, CJ402, SK812♂ in BPBM . Philodoria sp. nr P. dubauticola : 3 (sex unknown), Nakula Natural Reserve, Maui, 1.viii.2014 (stored in RNAlater solution), C.A. Johns leg., host: Dubautia platyphylla , 26.vii.2014 , CJ 315 in FLMNH ( Fig. 75A ). Diagnosis. Brownish fuscous forewing with a white longitudinal streak on the basal half of the wing. The species is similar in appearance to P. dubautiella (Swezey) , but distinguishable from the latter by having two dorsal white streaks instead of three on the forewing, a rather broad saccus, and a large and well-sclerotized terminus of the ductus bursae. Redescription: Adult ( Fig. 14A , 34E ). Wingspan 8 mm ; forewing length 4 mm in holotype . Head dirty white; frons white; maxillary palpus white with few dark scales externally; labial palpus whitish, second segment broadly infuscated externally at apex, third segment with a few dark scales externally at apex and towards base ( Fig. 34E ). Antenna light fuscous, basal fourth white beneath, about 1.3–1.4x length of forewing. Thorax grayish brown, white beneath. Forewing brownish fuscous with white streaks margined with a few fuscous scales: a white longitudinal streak from base to about 2/5; two dorsal outwardly oblique ones ( ds 2, 3 ) extending the middle of wing, the ds 2 at 2/5, the ds 3 at 3/5; white narrow costal line on basal 1/3; two outwardly oblique white costal streaks ( cs 2, 3 ), cs 2 at 1/2 and wider at costal side (not always distinct), the cs 3 at 3/4, slender and of even width terminating in a patch of pale blue scales, a similar patch of blue scales at apex of wing ( as ); remainder of apical portion of wing suffused with ocherous; costal cilia with three white costal spots ( a, b, c ) before apex, separated by light fuscous scales. Cilia light fuscous with a distinct dark fuscous fascia at base. Hindwing uniform light fuscous, cilia paler. Legs light fuscous, tarsi banded with white. Abdomen grayish fuscous, white beneath. Male genitalia ( Figs. 47C , 48C , 49C ) (n=3). Capsule 770 µm . Tegumen 0.8–0.9 x length of valva; valva tapering along costal margin from base 2/5 to apex; along the inner side of valva, a series of small spines arranged; apical half slender ( Fig. 47C ). Saccus short and thick ( Fig. 48C ). Phallus 500 µm long, slender and sinuous in lateral view with developed coecum; cornuti in vesica indistinct ( Fig. 49C ). Female genitalia ( Fig. 58C, D ) (new record) (n=3). 1120 µm long. Ostium bursae large; antrum cup-shaped with a slender pair of lateral lobes; lamella antevaginalis 280 µm , large and weakly sclerotized, trapezoid in ventral view, slightly inflexed on the posterior margin, widening toward anterior margin of A7. Ductus bursae 400 µm ; terminus of ductus bursae biforked. Corpus bursae 600 µm , pyriform; paired rows of wrinkles running longitudinally, some sclerotized. Distribution. Maui ( Swezey 1934 ). Host plants. Asteraceae : Dubautia plantaginea Gaudich. ? ( Zimmerman 1978a ) and Dubautia laxa Hook. & Arn. ( Johns et al . 2016 ) . Biology. ( Fig. 88B–F ). Larvae form a slender linear mine on the adaxial leaf surface ( Fig. 88B–D ), that gradually expands as larvae feed and grow ( Fig. 88E ). One mine per leaf. Pupation occurs in the cocoon outside of the mine, on the adaxial surface of leaf ( Fig. 88F ). Remarks. We identified one adult moth (Coll ID CJ-077 / GenBank accession no. ID KT982408 ) as P . dubauticola , based on the presence of a white longitudinal streak on forewing, and this specimen was sacrificed for molecular analysis ( Johns et al . 2016 ).