Pamphagidae (Orthoptera: Acridoidea) from the Palaearctic Region: taxonomy, classification, keys to genera and a review of the tribe Nocarodeini I. Bolívar Author Ünal, Mustafa text Zootaxa 2016 4206 1 1 223 journal article 37403 10.11646/zootaxa.4206.1.1 5c5bff7d-ea8c-4893-b03e-a8b5c5904514 1175-5326 208260 E1566C02-9987-4116-83AA-91D3D1DCF2FF Key to species groups, species and subspecies of Paranocarodes 1 Tumida of zygoma absent ( Figs. 42 a, b–46a, b)........................................ ( P. straubei sp. group) … 2 - Tumida of zygoma present ( Figs. 47 a, b–53a, b)........................................ ( P. lubricus sp. group) … 6 2 Frontal ridge very narrow with a deep sulcus, strongly narrowed and distinctly incised just below the median ocellus ( Fig. 392 ), connected to fastigium of vertex more angularly ( Fig. 391 ); median carinae of pronotum and abdominal tergites strongly raised, abdominal tergites with long, sharp and high posterior projection ( Figs. 413–416 ); body relatively large, strongly compressed laterally, quite high in lateral view................................................................. 3 - Frontal ridge wider with a clearly shallow sulcus, very slightly or not narrowed and not incised just below the median ocellus (almost flat) ( Fig. 394 ), connected to fastigium of vertex roundly ( Fig. 393 ); median carinae of pronotum and abdominal tergites slightly raised, abdominal tergites with shorter, blunter and lower posterior projection ( Figs. 417–420 ); body smaller, less compressed laterally, distinctly lower in lateral view......................................................... 5 3 Tympanum absent or strongly reduced, always smaller than the neighbour stigmal area ( Fig. 395 ); hind leg colors as in P. fieberi (see item 4 below); male phallic complex as in Figs. 44 a, b, c, d......................... P. karabagi (Demirsoy) - Tympanum present, very large, always larger than the neighbour stigmal area ( Fig. 396 )............................ 4 4 Hind tibia bright red or orange in male, yellow or orange in female; apical valves of penis slender and longer ( Figs. 42 a, b, d); body more compressed laterally........................................................... P. straubei (Fieber) - Hind tibia black, dark blue, blue, reddish black (sometimes turning to dark pale red near apex), rarely body color with blue spots and reddish apex in female; apical valves of penis stouter and shorter ( Figs. 43 a, b, d); body relatively less compressed laterally.............................................................................. P. fieberi (Brunner) 5 Body less compressed laterally, low in lateral view ( Figs. 419–420 ); hind tibia bright red in male, if blackened in distal or proximal part then body surface reddish brown; light red in female (without any blue); male phallic complex as in Figs. 46 a, b, c, d......................................................................... P. tolunayi paphlagonicus Ramme - Body more compressed laterally, high in lateral view ( Figs. 417–418 ); hind tibia dark red, proximal part mostly blackened; body surface greyish brown or dark brown (never reddish) in male; female hind tibia distinctly darker, dorsal surface blue or proximal part blue turning to red in distal part, inner surface red with blue spots towards the base; male phallic complex as in Figs. 45 a, b, c.................................................................. P. tolunayi tolunayi Ramme 6 Hind femur strongly widened in basal half, dorsal and ventral margins almost parallel in proximal part then strongly sloping towards genicular lobes, forming a preapical notch ( Figs. 397–398 ); abdominal tergites with blunt projections; body thickset, less compressed and with dense small tubercles ( Figs. 435–436 ); male phallic complex as in Figs. 53 a, b, c..................................................................................................... P. beieri (Ramme) - Hind femur in usual form, narrower in basal half, gradually narrowing towards genicular lobes, without preapical notch ( Figs. 399–400 ); abdominal tergites with sharp projections; body with sparse tubercles...................................7 7 Tympanum small, as large as or slightly larger than the neighbour stigmal area ( Fig. 401 ); abdominal tergites slightly raised with short, blunt and clearly less distinct posterior projection ( Figs. 421–422 ); body more depressed dorso-ventrally; hind tibia red or orange in male, orange in female; male phallic complex as in Figs. 47 a, b, c; found in Bulgaria and Greece............................................................................................... P. chopardi Peshev - Tympanum much larger than the neighbour stigmal area ( Figs. 402–403 ); abdominal tergites more raised always with sharp and very distinct posterior projection ( Figs. 423–424 ); body distinctly compressed laterally; found in Anatolian Turkey.... 8 8 Body very stout in the genus (male: 29–31 mm , female 47–53 mm ), much high in lateral view ( Figs. 423–424 ) and much wide in dorsal view ( Fig. 404 ); hind tibia orange red in male, yellow in female; male phallic complex as in Figs. 48 a, b, c, d............................................................................................. P. turkmen Ünal - Body distinctly slender (the body length of P. anatoliensis can be similar to P. turkmen , but much lower and narrower), lower in lateral view ( Figs. 425–434 ) and narrower in dorsal view ( Figs. 405–406 ); hind tibia red, blue or black (not orange in male, not yellow in female)................................................................................. 9 9 Body slender, strongly compressed laterally ( Fig. 406 ); hind tibia slender, with 7–8 sparse inner spines ( Figs. 407–408 ); hind tibia and tarsus red; male phallic complex as in Figs. 52 a, b, c............................... P. lubricus Mistshenko - Body relatively stouter and less compressed laterally ( Fig. 405 , 428 ); hind tibia with 9–10 dense inner spines ( Figs. 409–410 ); hind tibia dark red to black............................................................................ 10 10 Body relatively stouter and smaller; hind tibia completely black including its spines; male phallic complex as in Figs. 51 a, b, c; found in Konya and Karaman provinces of Turkey ............................................ P. brevipes Ramme - Body large in typical forms; hind tibia red or proximal part creamy yellow turning to red and bluish at apex, or dark red with bluish-black base of spines; found in Antalya and Isparta provinces of Turkey ..................................... 11 11 Apodemes with distinct apical notch ( Figs. 49 a, b); body larger; female hind tibia bluish or creamish in proximal part, turning to reddish apically; male phallic complex as in Figs. 49 a, b, c, d; found from Antalya to the Mt. Davraz........................................................................................ P. anatoliensis anatoliensis Demirsoy - Apodemes narrow, without apical notch ( Figs. 50 a, b); body smaller; female hind tibia dark blue along its length; male phallic complex as in Figs. 50 a, b, c; found along the Dedegöl Mts..................... P. anatoliensis anamas Ünal , ssp. nov.