Eight new spider species of Belisana Thorell, 1898 (Araneae, Pholcidae), with an updated overview of Belisana species from Yunnan, China Author Zhang, Ludan 0000-0001-5657-751X College of Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, Liaoning, China Author Wu, Zheng College of Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, Liaoning, China Author Li, Shuqiang 0000-0002-3290-5416 Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China Author Yao, Zhiyuan 0000-0002-1631-0949 College of Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, Liaoning, China text ZooKeys 2024 2024-05-27 1202 255 286 journal article 10.3897/zookeys.1202.121633 F2DE6CAC-842E-4275-B3C1-C84D7CEDF5B7 Belisana yunnan Zhang, Li & Yao sp. nov. Figs 16 , 17 , 19 C, D , 21 E, F Type material. Holotype ♂ ( IZCAS - Ar 44981 ) and paratype s 2 ♂ ( IZCAS - Ar 44982–83 ) 3 ♀ ( IZCAS - Ar 44984–86 ), Xianren Cave ( 24 ° 13.929 ' N , 98 ° 25.563 ' E , 1636 m ), Luxi , Dehong , Yunnan , China , 24 / 08 / 2010 , C Wang , Q Zhao & L Lin leg. Etymology. The specific name refers to the type locality, which is a noun in apposition. Diagnosis. The new species resembles B. yuhaoi Yang & Yao, 2023 ( Yang et al. 2023: 178 , figs 2 A, B, 3 A – D, 4 A – H) by having similar bulbal apophyses and epigyne (Figs 17 A, C , 21 E ), but can be distinguished by differences in males: tips of cheliceral distal apophyses closer to each other (Fig. 17 D vs widely separated), procursus without sclerotized dorso-subdistal apophysis (Figs 16 C , 19 C vs present) and with nearly half-round retrolateral flap (Figs 16 D , 19 D vs angular); differences in females: epigynal pockets closer to each other (Figs 17 A, B , 21 E, F vs widely separated), pore plates nearly isosceles triangle-shaped (Figs 17 B , 21 F vs scalene triangle-shaped). Figure 16. Belisana yunnan sp. nov. , holotype male A, B palp ( A prolateral view B retrolateral view, arrow 1 points at ventral apophysis, arrow 2 points at retrolatero-proximal protrusion) C, D distal part of procursus ( C prolateral view, arrow 1 points at prolatero-ventral membranous lamella, arrow 2 points at distal membranous lamella, arrow 3 points at distal spine D retrolateral view). Abbreviations: b = bulb, e = embolus, f = flap, pr = procursus. Scale bars: 0.10 ( A, B ); 0.02 ( C, D ). Figure 17. Belisana yunnan sp. nov. , holotype male ( C – F ) and paratype female ( A, B, G, H ) A epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view C bulb, prolateral view D chelicerae, frontal view E – H habitus ( E, G dorsal view F lateral view H ventral view). Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, b = bulb, ba = bulbal apophysis, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, ep = epigynal pocket, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis, pp = pore plate. Scale bars: 0.05 ( A – D ); 0.30 ( E – H ). Description. Male ( holotype ): Total length 1.90 (1.98 with clypeus), carapace 0.79 long, 0.71 wide, opisthosoma 1.11 long, 0.87 wide. Leg I: 18.71 (4.85, 0.56, 4.75, 7.05, 1.50), leg III: 9.35 (2.66, 0.30, 2.25, 3.25, 0.89), legs II and IV missing; tibia I L / d : 59. Eye inter-distances and diameters: PME – PME 0.11, PME 0.08, PME – ALE 0.03, AME absent. Sternum width / length: 0.63 / 0.60. Habitus as in Fig. 17 E, F . Carapace yellowish, with brown radiating marks; sternum yellowish. Legs whitish, without darker rings. Opisthosoma yellowish, without spots. Thoracic furrow absent. Clypeus unmodified. Chelicerae (Fig. 17 D ) with a pair of proximo-lateral apophyses and a pair of curved distal apophyses (distance between tips: 0.19). Palp as in Fig. 16 A, B ; trochanter with ventral apophysis (as long as wide, arrow 1 in Fig. 16 B ); femur with tiny retrolatero-proximal protrusion (arrow 2 in Fig. 16 B ); procursus simple proximally but complex distally, with prolatero-ventral membranous lamella (arrow 1 in Figs 16 C , 19 C ) bearing median sclerotized part, distal membranous lamella (arrow 2 in Figs 16 C , 19 C ) bearing median sclerotized part, distal spine (arrow 3 in Figs 16 C , 19 C ), and nearly half-round retrolateral flap (Figs 16 D , 19 D ); bulb (Fig. 17 C ) with hooked apophysis and simple embolus. Retrolateral trichobothria on tibia I at 14 % proximally; legs with short vertical setae on metatarsi; tarsus I with 21 distinct pseudosegments. Figure 18. Procursus in prolateral and retrolateral views (arrows point at same structures as photos of each species) A, B Belisana honghe sp. nov. C, D B. jiuxiang sp. nov. E, F B. lincang sp. nov. G, H B. luxi sp. nov. I, J B. tengchong sp. nov. K, L B. tongi sp. nov. Abbreviation: f = flap. Scale bars: 0.10. Figure 19. Procursus in prolateral and retrolateral views (arrows point at same structures as photos of each species) A, B Belisana yongsheng sp. nov. C, D B. yunnan sp. nov. Abbreviation: f = flap. Scale bars: 0.10. Figure 20. Female genitalia in ventral and dorsal views A, B Belisana honghe sp. nov. C, D B. jiuxiang sp. nov. , arrow points at lateral sclerite E, F B. lincang sp. nov. , arrow points at sac-like structure G, H B. luxi sp. nov. Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, ep = epigynal pocket, pp = pore plate. Scale bars: 0.10. Female ( paratype , IZCAS - Ar 44984 ): Similar to male, habitus as in Fig. 17 G, H . Total length 2.14 (2.20 with clypeus), carapace 0.78 long, 0.77 wide, opisthosoma 1.36 long, 1.00 wide; tibia I: 3.88; tibia I L / d : 52. Eye inter-distances and diameters: PME – PME 0.13, PME 0.07, PME – ALE 0.02. Sternum width / length: 0.62 / 0.56. Epigyne (Figs 17 A , 21 E ) simple and flat, anteriorly slightly sclerotized, with a pair of postero-median pockets 0.12 apart. Vulva (Figs 17 B , 21 F ) with ridge-shaped anterior arch and a pair of nearly triangular pore plates. Figure 21. Female genitalia in ventral and dorsal views A, B Belisana tengchong sp. nov. C, D B. tongi sp. nov. , arrows point at four distinct median teeth E, F B. yunnan sp. nov. Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, ep = epigynal pocket, pp = pore plate. Scale bars: 0.10. Variation. Tibia I in two male paratypes ( IZCAS - Ar 44982 –83 ): 5.38, 6.73. Tibia I in the other two female paratypes ( IZCAS - Ar 44985 –86 ): 3.72, 3.85. Habitat. The species was found in the dark zone inside the cave. Distribution. China ( Yunnan , type locality; Fig. 1 ).