DNA barcoding and morphology reveal a new cryptic species of Nagiella (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Spilomelinae) from Japan Author Matsui, Yuki The United Graduated School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan mothya22@gmail.com Author Naka, Hideshi Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan Author Jinbo, Utsugi National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan text ZooKeys 2021 2021-03-11 1023 171 192 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1023.60934 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1023.60934 1313-2970-1023-171 09685A5CBCE249BD8C6478463E8F7E82 F4F4ED9EF7A55EF8B7294ED7D6A0581C Nagiella inferior (Hampson, 1899) Figures 2C, D , 4A-C , 7A-C Botys quadrimaculalis Motschulsky, 1861: 1: 37 (preoccupied). Pleuroptya quadrimaculalis : Bae, 2001: 122-124, pl. 5 fig. 172; Park et al. 2007 : 177, 239 fig. 94; Bae et al. 2008 : 148-149, fig. 167. Sylepta inferior Hampson, 1899: 724; Shibuya 1928 : 228; Shibuya 1929 : 189. Nagia inferior : Mutuura, 1957: 122, pl. 21 fig. 636. Nagiella inferior : Munroe, 1976: 878; Lu and Du 2020 : 149, fig. 5, figs 5, 10, 13. Pleuroptya inferior : Inoue, 1982: 1: 343; 2: 234, 454, pl. 40, fig. 16; Li et al. 2012: 625-626, pl. 18, fig. 416; Sasaki and Yamanaka 2013 : 81, 451. Material examined. Japan : 1♂ , Tohro , Hokkaido , 3 Jul. 1962 , T . Ebato leg., (NSMT-I-L-75498) ; 1♂ , Riv. Rusagawa , Shiretoko , Hokkaido , 26 Jul. 1962 , K. Tsuchiya leg. (NSMT-I-L-75523) ; 1♂ , Sapporo , Hokkaido , 6 Jul. 1933 , collector unknown (NSMT-I-L-75529) ; 1♂ , Shumarinai , Hokkaido , 20 Jul. 1998 , Y. Kishida leg. (NSMT-I-L-75569) ; 1♂ , Shibecha , Hokkaido , 8 Jul. 1958 , K. Jinbo leg. (NSMT-I-L-75574) ; 2♂ , Akan , Hokkaido , 13 Jul. 1958 , K. Jinbo leg. (NSMT-I-L-75575, 75576) ; 1♂ , Toubai , Nemuro City , Hokkaido , 5 Aug. 2013 , U. Jinbo leg. (NSMT-I-L-37577) ; 1♂ , Sannai-Ishizawa , Honjoh City , Akita Pref. , 29 Jun. 1975 , A. Sasaki leg. (NSMT-I-L-75548) ; 1♂ , ditto, 29 Jun. 1978 , A. Sasaki leg. (NSMT-I-L-75545) ; 2♂ , ditto, 15 Jun. 1979 , A. Sasaki leg. (NSMT-I-L-75546, 75547) ; 1♀ , Shinzan Park , Honjoh City , Akita Pref. , 11 Jul. 1977 , A. Sasaki leg. (NSMT-I-L-75549) ; 1♂ , Uwanodai , Kawabe Town , Akita Pref. , 5 Jul. 1977 , A. Sasaki leg. (NSMT-I-L-75555) ; 1♀ , ditto, 12 Jul. 1977 , A. Sasaki leg. (NSMT-I-L-75551) ; 1♀ , ditto, 26 Jun. 1978 , A. Sasaki leg. (NSMT-I-L-75552) ; 1♀ , ditto, 19 Jul. 1979 , A. Sasaki leg. ; 1♂ , ditto, 19 Jul. 1979 , A. Sasaki leg. (NSMT-I-L-75556) ; 1♂ , ditto, 11 Jun. 1980 , A. Sasaki leg. (NSMT-I-L-75550) ; 1♂ , ditto, Akita Pref. , 2 Jul. 1980 , A. Sasaki leg. (NSMT-I-L-75553) ; 1♀ , Kamibiguchi , Gojohme Town , Akita Pref. , 26 Jul. 1979 , A. Sasaki leg. (NSMT-I-L-75557) ; 1♂ , Tazawako Height , Tazawako Town , Akita Pref. , 20 Aug. 1979 , A. Sasaki leg. (NSMT-I-L-75558) ; 1♂ , Chikogi-zaki , Hachimori Town , Akita Pref. , 13 Jul. 1979 , A. Sasaki leg. (NSMT-I-L-75559) ; 1♀ , Niida , Akita City , Akita Pref. , 16 Jun. 1978 , A. Sasaki leg. (NSMT-I-L-75560) ; 1♂ , Asahimata , Akita City , Akita Pref. , 16 Jul. 1980 , A. Sasaki leg. (NSMT-I-L-75561) ; 1♂ , Nibetsu , Akita City , Akita Pref. , 3 Jul. 1980 , A. Sasaki leg. (NSMT-I-L-75562) ; 1♂ , ditto, 23 Jun. 1987 , A. Sasaki leg. (NSMT-I-L-75563) ; 1♂ , Mt Takao , Yuma Town , Akita Pref. , 8 Jul. 1985 , A. Sasaki leg. (NSMT-I-L-75564) ; 1♂ , Tōshi , Nikaho Town , Akita Pref. , 18 Jul. 1995 , A. Sasaki leg. (NSMT-I-L-75565) ; 1♂ , ditto, 19 Aug. 1984 , A. Sasaki leg. (NSMT-I-L-75566) ; 1♂ , Matsusaka , Ōno-dai , Moriyoshi Town , Akita Pref. , 13 Jul. 1996 , A. Sasaki leg. (NSMT-I-L-75567) ; 1♀ , Aburato , Tsuruoka City , Yamagata Pref. , 11 Jul. 1990 , A. Sasaki leg. (NSMT-I-L-75568) ; 1♂ , Futamata-Spa , Fukushima Pref. , 6 Aug. 1967 , T . Ebato leg. (NSMT-I-L-75497) ; 1♂ , Shiozawa-Spa , Fukushima Pref. , 5 Aug. 1967 , T . Ebato leg. (NSMT-I-L-75501) ; 1♂ , ditto, 6 Aug. 1967 , T . Ebato leg. (NSMT-I-L-75519) ; 1♂ , ditto, 29 Jun. 1968 , T . Ebato leg. (NSMT-I-L-75518) ; 2♂ , Hanashiki-Spa , Gunma Pref. , 22 Jun. 1963 , T . Ebato leg. (NSMT-I-L-75459, 75460) ; 1♀ , same data as for preceding, (NSMT-I-L-75487) ; 1♂ , ditto, 8 Jul. 1961 , T . Ebato leg. (NSMT-I-L-75492) ; 3♂ , Uenohara , Gunma Pref. , 8 Jul. 1961 , T . Ebato leg. (NSMT-I-L-75488 to 75490) ; 1♂ , Kawaburu-Spa , Gunma Pref. , 1 Jul. 1967 , T . Ebato leg. (NSMT-I-L-75491) ; 1♂ , Kitakaruizawa , Gunma Pref. , 12 Jul. 1970 , T . Okada leg. (NSMT-I-L-75528) ; 1♂ , Minakami , Gunma Pref. , 22 Jul. 1931 , collector unknown (NSMT-I-L-75530) ; 1♀ , same data as for preceding (NSMT-I-L-75531) ; 1♂ , Mt Mitsumine , Saitama Pref. , 15 Jul. 1961 , T . Ebato leg. (NSMT-I-L-75461) ; 1♀ , Shikanoyu , Titibu , Saitama Pref. , 26 Jul. 1933 , collector unknown (NSMT-I-L-75532) ; 1♂ , Bushi , Iruma City , Saitama Pref. , 10 Sep. 1979 , H. Inoue leg. (NSMT-I-L-75635) ; 1♂ , Kameyama , Chiba Pref. , 12 Aug. 1963 , T . Ebato leg. (NSMT-I-L-75517) ; 1♂ , Kiyose , Tokyo To , 10 Jun. 1956 , T . Ebato leg. (NSMT-I-L-75502) ; 2♀ , ditto, 18 Aug. 1958 , T . Ebato leg. (NSMT-I-L-75503, 75504) ; 1♀ , ditto, 15 Aug. 1959 , T . Ebato leg. (NSMT-I-L-75505) ; 1♀ , ditto, 2 Jul. 1959 , T . Ebato leg. (NSMT-I-L-75506) ; 1♂ , ditto, 12 Jun. 1958 , T . Ebato leg. (NSMT-I-L-75507) ; 1♀ , ditto, 31 Aug. 1958 , T . Ebato leg. (NSMT-I-L-75508) ; 1♀ , ditto, 18 Aug. 1959 , T . Ebato leg. (NSMT-I-L-75509) ; 1♀ , ditto, 2 Jul. 1957 , T . Ebato leg. (NSMT-I-L-75511) ; 1♂ , ditto, 4 Jun. 1958 , T . Ebato leg. (NSMT-I-L-75512) ; 1♀ , Ohizumi , Tokyo To , 18 Aug. 1966 , T . Ebato leg. (NSMT-I-L-75513) ; 2♂ , Mt Takao , Tokyo To , 27 Jun. 1959 , T . Ebato leg. (NSMT-I-L-75514, 75515) ; 1♂ , ditto, 7 Jun. 1961 , T . Maenami leg. (NSMT-I-L-75527) ; 1♂ , ditto, 19 Jun. 1996 , U. Jinbo leg. (NSMT-I-L-33621) ; 1♂ , Mt Mihara , Tokyo To , 31 May 1962 , R . Aoki leg. (NSMT-I-L-75521) ; 1♀ , Mt Mitake , Tokyo To , 16 Jul. 1960 , T . Maenami leg. (NSMT-I-L-75526) ; 1♂ , ditto, 20 Aug. 1959 , T . Ebato leg. (NSMT-I-L-75510) ; 1♀ , ditto, 25 Jul. 1998 , U. Jinbo leg. (NSMT-I-L-36058) ; 1♂ , Institute of Nature Study , Minato-ku , Tokyo To , 6 Jun. 2017 , U. Jinbo leg. (NSMT-I-L-55639) ; 1♂ , Hodokubo , Hino City , Tokyo To , 3 Jun. 1990 , U. Jinbo leg. (NSMT-I-L-75626) ; 1♀ , ditto, 16 Jun. 1990 , U. Jinbo leg. (NSMT-I-L-75627) ; 1♂ , ditto, 3 Aug. 1991 , U. Jinbo leg. (NSMT-I-L-75628) ; 1♀ , ditto, 7 Sep. 1991 , U. Jinbo leg. (NSMT-I-L-75629) ; 1♀ , ditto, 23 Aug. 1992 , U. Jinbo leg. (NSMT-I-L-75630) ; 1♂ , Yokozawairi , Itsukaichi Town , Tokyo To , 18 Jun. 1994 , U. Jinbo leg. (NSMT-I-L-75631) ; 1♂ , ditto, Tokyo To , 27 Aug. 1994 , U. Jinbo leg. (NSMT-I-L-75632) ; 1♀ , Imperial Palace , Chiyoda-ku , Tokyo To , 26 May 2009 , Y. Arita et al. leg. (NSMT-I-L-22523) ; 1♂ , ditto, 7 Sep. 2010 , [ Malaise trap ] (NSMT-I-L-22525) ; 1♂ , ditto, 9 Aug. 2011 , [ Malaise trap ] (NSMT-I-L-28051) ; 1♀ , ditto, 4 Sep. 2012 , Y. Arita , H. Nakajima , M. Owada , Y. Kishida and U. Jinbo leg. (NSMT-I-L-31522) ; 1♂ , Noborito , Tokyo To , 27 May 1932 , collector unknown (NSMT-I-L-75533) ; 1♂ , Nishitanzawa , Kanagawa Pref. , 18 Jun. 1966 , Y. Kishida leg. (NSMT-I-L-75525) ; 1♀ , Mt Myojo-san , Itoigawa City , Niigata Pref. , 7 Aug. 1999 , A. Sasaki leg. (NSMT-I-L-75570) ; 1♂ , Teradomari , Niigata Pref. , 9 Aug. 2005 , R . Sato leg. (NSMT-I-L-75571) ; 1♂ , ditto, 7 Jun. 2005 , T . Naito leg. (NSMT-I-L-75572) ; 1♂ , Yuzurihara , Yamanashi Pref. , 23 Jun. 1945 , T . Ebato leg. (NSMT-I-L-75499) ; 1♂ , Kiyosato , Yamanashi Pref. , 22 Jul. 1967 , T . Ebato leg. (NSMT-I-L-75500) ; 1♂ , Karuizawa , Nagano Pref. , 21 Jul. 1958 , T . Ebato leg. (NSMT-I-L-75493) ; 1♂ , Miyota , Nagano Pref. , 17 Aug. 1965 , T . Ebato leg. (NSMT-I-L-75494) ; 1♂ , Tobira-Spa , Nagano Pref. , 14 Jul. 1957 , T . Ebato leg. (NSMT-I-L-75495) ; 1♀ , Kumanotaira , Nagano Pref. , 7 Jul. 1962 , T . Ebato leg. (NSMT-I-L-75496) ; 1♂ , ditto, 25 Jun. 1944 , H. Inoue leg. (NSMT-I-L-75520) ; 1♂ , Nashimoto , Shizuoka Pref. , 10 Jun. 1961 , T . Ebato leg. (NSMT-I-L-75516) ; 2♂ , Asagiri Plateau , Shizuoka Pref. , 35.42°N , 138.59°E , 910 m , 27 Aug. 2019 , Y. Matsui leg. ; 1♂ , Gujo-Rokunori , Gifu Pref. , 5 Jul. 1966 , S. Sawatani leg. (NSMT-I-L-75573) ; 1♂ , Mt Hyono-sen , Wakasa Town , Tottori Pref. , 35.35°N , 134.49°E , 860 m , 6 Nov. 2017 (F1 emerged), Y. Matsui leg. ; 1♂ , ditto, 21 Jun. 2020 , Y. Matsui leg. ; 1♂ , Hirodomeno , Wakasa Town , Tottori Pref. , 35.41°N , 134.45°E , 800 m , 4 Sep. 2015 , Y. Matsui leg. ; 4♀ 6♂ , Tokumaru , Yazu Town , Tottori Pref. , 35.37°N , 134.34°E , 145 m , 9-11 Aug. 2013 , 10-20 Oct. 2014 (F1 emerged), H. Naka leg. ; 2♀ , Wakabadai-kita , Tottori City , Tottori Pref. , 35.45°N , 134.26°E , 40 m , 6 Jun. 2012 , 22 Aug. 2014 , Y. Matsui leg. ; 1♂ , Kochi , Shikano Town , Tottori City , Tottori Pref. , 35.40°N , 134.00°E , 495 m , 12 Jun. 2020 , Y. Matsui leg. ; 3♂ , Mt Daisen , Kofu Town , Tottori Pref. , 35.35°N , 133.55°E , 910 m , 30 Sep.-2 Oct. 2017 (F1 emerged), Y. Matsui leg. ; 2♂ , Mt Senjo-san , Kotoura Town , Tottori City , 35.43°N , 133.60°E , 385 m , 15 Jul. 2019 , Y. Matsui leg. ; 1♂ , Ichibata , Izumo City , Shimane Pref. , 27 May 1967 , T . Maenami leg. (NSMT-I-L-75522) ; 1♀ , same data as for preceding (NSMT-I-L-75524) ; 1♀ 1♂ , Kusandao , Inan Town , Shimane Pref. , 35.06°N , 132.83°E , 915 m , Oct. 2017 (F1 emerged), Y. Matsui leg. ; 1♀ , Sugano , Tokuyama City , Yamaguchi Pref. , 3 Jun. 1994 , T . Ikenoue leg. (NSMT-I-L-75577) ; 1♀ , Yunoki , Tokuji Town , Yamaguchi Pref. , 15 Jul. 1995 , T . Ikenoue leg. (NSMT-I-L-75578) ; 2♀ , Mt Tokusagamine , Yamaguchi Pref. , 3 Aug. 1996 , T . Ikenoue leg. (NSMT-I-L-75579, 75580) ; 1♂ , Jakuchikyo , Yamaguchi Pref. , 27 Jul. 1995 , T . Ikenoue leg. (NSMT-I-L-75581) ; 1♂ , Akiyoshi-dai , Mine City , Yamaguchi , 34.24°N , 131.31°E , 240 m , 16 Sep. 2018 , Y. Matsui leg. ; 1♀ , Kamitsuru , Izumi City , Kagoshima Pref. , 14 Jul. 1992 , Y. Yanagita leg. (NSMT-I-L-75582) ; 1♀ , Shin-Wase-Tunnel, I. Amamiohshima , Kagoshima Pref. , 27 Mar. 2009 , M. Owada and M. Kimura leg. (NSMT-I-L-75617) ; 1♂ , Yona, I . Okinawajima , Okinawa Pref. , 1 Apr. 1964 , T . Nagano leg. (NSMT-I-L-75618) ; 1♂ , Seifuautaki , Chinen-son, I . Okinawajima , Okinawa Pref. , 8 Aug. 1980 , R . Sato leg. (NSMT-I-L-75619) ; 2♂ , Mt Terukubi-yama , Kunigami-son, I . Okinawajima , Okinawa Pref. , 10 Aug. 1980 , R . Sato leg. (NSMT-I-L-75620, 75621) ; 1♂ , Haneji , Nago City, I . Okinawajima , Okinawa Pref. , 17 Aug. 2001 , M. Kimura leg. (NSMT-I-L-75622) ; 1♂ , ditto, 9 Aug. 2002 , M. Kimura leg. (NSMT-I-L-75623) ; 1♂ , ditto, 12 Aug. 2002 , M. Kimura leg. (NSMT-I-L-75624) ; 1♂ , Takeda-Rindo, I . Ishigakijima , Okinawa Pref. , 5 Jun. 2007 , M. Kimura leg. (NSMT-I-L-75625). Diagnosis. Adult (Fig. 2C, D ). Forewing length 9.0- 12.5 mm . This species is similar to N. tristalis and N. quadrimaculalis , but can be distinguished by the following characters: forewing shorter; vertex scales lighter than in N. tristalis and N. quadrimaculalis ; subdiscal white spot of forewing usually quadrilateral and distinct; base of discal cell of hindwing broadly white; gnathos of male genitalia nearly triangular, short and small, apex rounded (Fig. 4B ); valva of male genitalia dorsally straight margined subapically (Fig. 4C ); anterior apophysis of female genitalia slightly curved to dorsally, expansion of the base is sharply triangular (Fig. 7B ); signum of female genitalia circular, smaller than in N. tristalis (diameter 0.05-0.06 mm ) (Fig. 7C ). This species is also similar to N. occultalis , but N. occultalis has the following differences: forewing length 15-16 mm ; subdiscal white spot of forewing narrowed or elongated; base of discal cell of hindwing concolorous with ground color; tuba analis of male genitalia sclerotized; gnathos of male genitalia elongated and narrow at the base. Lu and Du (2020) also mentioned genital differences between these species, and as far as we can see from the specimen image by Lu and Du (2020) , N. bispina is externally distinguishable from this species by base of discal cell of the hindwing being concolorous with the ground color. Figure 4. Male genitalia of Nagiella inferior A whole genitalia B gnathos, magnified view C apex of valva, magnified view. Distribution. Japan , mainland China , Taiwan , Korea , Russia (southeast), India . Host plant. Rubus buergeri Miq., R. trifidus Thunb. (laboratory reared). Remarks. Our identification of this species is based on characters of external morphology ( Motschulsky 1861 ; Inoue 1982 ; Li et al. 2012; Sasaki and Yamanaka 2013 ; Lu and Du 2020 ) and male genitalia (Li et al. 2012; Lu and Du 2020 ). The species status was confirmed by DNA barcodes.