Phyllostomidae Author Don E. Wilson Author Russell A. Mittermeier text 2019 2019-10-31 Lynx Edicions Barcelona Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats 444 583 book chapter http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594 adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e 978-84-16728-19-0 6458594 29. Kalko’s Round-eared Bat Lophostoma kalkoae French: Lophostome de Kalko / German: Kalko-Rundohrblattnase / Spanish: Lofostoma de Kalko Taxonomy. Lophostoma kalkoae Velazco & Gardner, 2012 , “Pipeline Road, ncar the former Limbo Hunt Club ( 9°9’50”N , 79°45’10”W ), Soberania National Park, Colén Province, Panama . ” This species is monotypic. Distribution. Currently known only from type locality in Soberania National Park, Panama . Descriptive notes. Tail 8-9 mm and 8-4 mm, hindfoot 12: 8 mm and 12-5 mm, forearm 45-8 mm and 44-6 mm, greatest length of skull 23-8 mm and 23-2 mm (all measurements from holotype and paratype, respectively). No specific data available for headbody length or body weight. Kalko’s Round-eared Bat is medium-sized and larger than the Pygmy Round-eared Bat ( L. brasiliense ) but smaller than Davis’s Round-eared Bat ( L. evotis ), the Western Round-eared Bat (L. occidentale), and the White-throated Roundeared Bat ( L. silvicola ). All measurements overlap with those of Carriker’s Round-eared Bat (L. carrikert) and Schulz’s Round-eared Bat ( L. schulzi ). Kalko’s Round-eared Batis easily identified by plain white ventral fur that runs acrossits chest, which is restricted laterally over abdomen by pale brown fur on flanks. Gular fur is dark brown. Post-auricular patches are connected to white fur on chest by thin line of pale fur. Dorsal pelageis long, dark brown, and tricolored, with very short pale to whitish terminal bands. Ventrally, proximal one-third of forearm is covered with long pale hair. Skull is constricted postorbitally, and lateral projection of mastoid region is less developed than in other species of Lophostoma . Females have an elongated clitoris and swollen labia. Dental formula for species of Lophostomais12/1,C1/1,P2/3,M 3/3 ( x2 ) = 32. Habitat. Tropical rainforest (type locality). Food and Feeding. Kalko’s Round-eared Bat is a gleaning insectivore. It prefers large insects such as beetles,crickets, cicadas, katydids, and other arthropods. Both live individuals in the type series ate katydids during captivity. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. Kalko’s Round-eared Bat is nocturnal. As its congeners,it roosts in hollowed hymenopteran nests; both individuals in the type series were collected in an abandoned Azteca ant ( Azteca sp.) nest, hanging in a tree c. 12 m aboveground. Observations on its congeners suggest that only single adult males construct the nest cavity. It is thought that behavior, bite performance, and possibly even morphology of all species of Lophostoma have been shaped as a result of adaptations to excavate roosts. Echolocation calls recorded during captivity showed a typical phyllostomid call, with steep FM, multiharmonic calls and main energy in higher harmonics. Movements, Home range and Social organization. From records on other species of Lophostoma , social system of Kalko’s Round-eared Bat probably has a harem structure, based on resource-defense polygyny where males offer roosts as a resource to females. Captured individuals of species of Lophostoma , in contrast to those of Tonatia , fold their ears back against their head when handled. Status and Conservation. Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCNRed List. Kalko’s Roundeared Bat was a recently described, and its ecology and natural history are not well known. Bibliography. Camacho et al. (2016), Velazco & Gardner (2012).