A foundation monograph of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the New World Author Wood, John R. I. Author Munoz-Rodriguez, Pablo Author Williams, Bethany R. M. Author Scotland, Robert W. text PhytoKeys 2020 143 1 823 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.143.32821 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.143.32821 1314-2003-143-1 F6F11A6EE4FF5A1885CEA2B60AE965A5 392. Ipomoea cairica (L.) Sweet, Hort. Brit., 2: 287. 1826. (Sweet 1826: 287) Convolvulus cairicus L., Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 2: 922. 1759. (Linnaeus 1759a: 922). Type. Icon, t. 70, Vesling in De Plantis Aegypti (Alpino 1640), lectotype, designated by Bosser and Heine 2000: 32). Ipomoea palmata Forssk, Fl. Aegypt-Arab. 43. 1775. (Forsskal 1775: 43). Type. EGYPT. Rosetta, P. Forsskal s.n. (lectotype C10002422, designated here). Convolvulus tuberculatus Desr. , Encycl. 3 : 545. 1792 [dated1789]. (Desrousseaux 1792: 545). Type. URUGUAY. Montevideo, Commerson s.n. (holotype P-LAM00357568). Ipomoea tuberculata (Desr.) Roem. & Schult. , Syst. Veg. 4 : 208. 1819. (Roemer and Schultes 1819: 208). Modesta tuberculata (Desr.) Raf. , Fl. Tellur. 4 : 76. 1836 [pub. 1838]. (Rafinesque 1838a: 76). Ipomoea senegalensis Lam. , Tabl. Encycl. 1 : 464. 1793. (Lamarck 1793: 464). Type. SENEGAL. Roussillon s.n. (holotype P-LAM00357478). Batatas senegalensis (Lam.) G. Don , Gen. Hist. 4 : 261. 1838. (Don 1838: 261). Convolvulus quinquelobus Vahl , Symb. Bot. 3 : 1794. (Vahl 1794: 52), Type. U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS. St Croix, H. West (holotype C10009663). Ipomoea quinqueloba (Vahl) Roem. & Schult. , Syst. Veg. 4 : 208. 1819. (Roemer and Schultes 1819: 208). Ipomoea pentaphylla Cav. , Icon. 3 : 29. 1795. (Cavanilles 1795-1796: 29), nom. illeg., non Ipomoea pentaphylla Jacq. (1789) . Type. URUGUAY. L. Nee s.n. (lectotype MA 475852, designated here). Ipomoea stipulacea Jacq. , Pl. Hort. Schoenbr. 2 : 39, t. 199. 1797. (Jacquin 1797b: 39). Type. Cultivated plant from Mauritius, apparently not preserved. Ipomoea stipulacea forma pluriflora Meisn. in Martius et al. , Fl. Brasil. 7 : 288. 1869. (Meisner 1869: 288), nom. illeg. superfl., autonymic variety. Convolvulus heptaphyllus Willd. , Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Neue Schriften 4 : 196. 1803. Rottler 1803: 196). Type. INDIA. Madras, Marmelon, Rottler s.n. (holotype B-W3721). Ipomoea cavanillesii Roem. & Schult. , Syst. Veg. 4 : 214. 1819. (Roemer and Schultes 1819: 214). Type. Based on Ipomoea pentaphylla Cav. Convolvulus cavanillesii (Roem. & Schult.) Spreng. , Syst. Veg. 1 : 590. 1825 [pub. 1824]. (Sprengel 1824: 590). Batatas cavanillesii (Roem. & Schult.) G. Don , Gen. Hist. 4 : 262. 1838. (Don 1838: 262). Ipomoea vesiculosa P. Beauv., Flore d'Oware 2: 73. 1819. (Beauvois 1808-20 73). Type. NIGERIA. Oware, P. de Beauvois (holotype G00415171, isotype G). Ipomoea pulchella Roth , Nov. Pl. Sp. 115 . 1821. (Roth and Heyne 1821: 115). Type. INDIA. Heyne in Wallich 1353B (K-W001112855, lectotype designated here). Ipomoea heptaphylla Voigt , Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 360 . 1845. (Voigt 1845: 360). Type. Based on Ipomoea pulchella Roth. Convolvulus lymphaticus Vell. Fl. Flumin. 70, t. 47. 1825 [pub. 1829]. (Vellozo 1829: 70). Type. BRAZIL. (lectotype, original parchment plate of Flora Fluminensis in the manuscript section of the Biblioteca Nacional, Rio de Janeiro [cat. No.: mss1198651-047], designated here; later published in Vellozo , Fl. Flum. Icon. 2 : t. 47 1827. [pub. 1831]). Ipomoea tuberculata var. abbreviata Choisy in A.P. de Candolle , Prodr. 9 : 387. 1845. (Choisy 1845: 387). Type. BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro , Martius 981 (lectotype M0184898, designated here). Ipomoea stipulacea forma uniflora Meisn. in Martius et al. , Fl. Brasil. 7 : 288. 1869. (Meisner 1869: 288). Type. Based on Ipomoea tuberculata var. abbreviata Choisy Ipomoea cairica var. uniflora (Meisn.) Hoehne, Anexos Mem. Inst. Butantan , Secc. Bot. 1 , Fasc. 6 : 77. 1922. (Hoehne 1922: 77). Ipomoea bouvetii Duchass. & Walp. , Linnaea 23 : 752. 1850 [pub. 1851]. (Duchassaing and Walpers 1850-51: 752). Type. Guadeloupe (lectotype P00622231, designated here). Convolvulus paniculatus Naves in Blanco, Fl. Filip. , ed. 3, 1: 131. 1877. (Blanco 1877-80: 131). Type. Icon, t. 32 in Blanco, Fl. Filip., ed. 3., lectotype, designated here). Ipomoea tuberculata var. trichosperma Hilleb. , Fl.Hawaii Islands 315 (1888). (Hillebrand 1888: 316). Type. HAWAII. "common on all islands", no specimen cited. Ipomoea tuberculata var. lineariloba Hillebr. , Fl.Hawaii Islands 316 (1888). (Hillebrand 1888: 316). Type. HAWAII. South coast of Molokai, no specimen cited. Ipomoea cairica var. lineariloba (Hillebr.) Deg. & Ooststr. in O.Deg., Fl. Hawaiiensis , fam. 307. 1938. (Degener 1932-1940; fam. 307). Ipomoea palmata var. gracillima Collett & Hemsl, J. Linn. Soc.Bot. 28: 96.1890. (Collett and Hemsley 1890: 97). Type. MYANMAR (BURMA), Meiktila H. Collett 40 (lectotype K000830810, designated here). Ipomoea gracillima (Collett & Hemsl.) Prain. J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 63(2): 111. 1894. (Prain 1894: 111), comb. illeg., non Ipomoea gracillima Peter (1891) . Ipomoea cairica var. gracillima (Collett & Hemsl,) C. Y. Wu , Rep. Stud. Pl. Trop. Subtrop. Yunnan 1 : 120. 1965. (Wu 1965: 120). Ipomoea cairica var. hederacea Hallier f. , Bull. Herb. Boiss. 6 : 546.1898. (Hallier 1898b: 546). Type. MADAGASCAR. G.F. Scott Elliot 3018 (holotype K000097177). Ipomoea rosea var. pluripartita Hassl. , Trab. Mus. Farmacol. 21 : 98. 1909. (Hassler 1909: 98). Type. PARAGUAY/ARGENTINA. Rio Pilcomayo, T. Rojas 184 (isotype S12-2031). Ipomoea cairica var. obtusata Hoehne, Anexos Mem. Inst. Butantan , Secc. Bot. 1 , Fasc. 6 : 77. 1922. (Hoehne 1922: 77). Type. BRAZIL. Sao Paulo, Praia Grande, A. Loefgren 4108 (holotype SP000572). Ipomoea funaria Larranaga , Escr. Larranaga 2 : 78. 1923. ( Larranaga 1923: 78). Type. URUGUAY, not specified. Ipomoea palmata var. semine-glabra Blatter & Hallberg, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 26: 546. 1919. (Blatter and Hallberg 1919: 546). Type. INDIA. Vinjorai, E. Blatter 6675 (holotype BLATT). Ipomoea cairica var. semine-glabra (Blatter & Hallberg) Bhandari , Fl. Indian Desert 253 (1978) Type. Based on Convolvulus cairicus L. Description. Twining perennial herb to 3 m, stems glabrous, often muricate. Leaves petiolate, digitately divided into 5-7 leaflets, the laterals sometimes joined at base, leaflets 1-5 x 0.3-1 cm, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acute and mucronate, glabrous; petioles with stipule-like outgrowths at base, 1-5 cm. Flowers usually solitary, sometimes in shortly pedunculate, 2-3-flowered axillary cymes; peduncles 0.3-1 cm; bracteoles 1-2 mm, oblong, caducous; pedicels 0.3-2.5 cm; sepals slightly unequal, glabrous with scarious margins, outer 5-7 x 4 mm oblong-ovate, acute, often abaxially rugose, inner 6-8 mm, broadly ovate-elliptic, obtuse; corolla 4.5-7 cm long, funnel-shaped, pink, glabrous, limb 4 cm diam., unlobed. Capsules 1-1.3 cm, subglobose, glabrous; seeds 5-6 mm, tomentellous with longer caducous marginal hairs, rarely subglabrous. Illustrations. O'Donell (1959b: 129); Bosser and Heine (2000: 33); Deroin (2001: 179); Figure 167B . Distribution. A species of Old World origin, now widespread throughout tropical and subtropical regions up to least 2600 m, but much more common in some regions than others, such as northern Argentina, eastern Paraguay and southern Brazil; unexpectedly absent in others, such as Hispaniola (Liogier 1994). It is well naturalised in waste places, usually near settlements but is also cultivated so occurring in and around gardens. URUGUAY. W.G. Herter 271 (MO, P), 1373 (S), 1878 (S). ARGENTINA. Catamarca : I. Brizuela 88 (RB). Cordoba : H.H. Bartlett 20092 (P). Corrientes : T.M. Pedersen 7347 (C, P, S); Huidobo 2171 (BM). Formosa : Est. Guayacolec, H. Maturo & D. Prado 74 (BM, FCQ). Jujuy : J. Araque & F.A. Barklay Ar520 (P). Misiones : E.L. Ekman 1428 (S); G.J. Schwarz 5239 (LIL, P, RB). PARAGUAY. Jorgensen 4035 (MO, S). Alto Parana : Itaipu Binacional 62 (MO). Central : L. R. Landrum et al. 8559 (ARIZ, FCQ); B. Balansa 1059 (K). Cordillera : N. Soria 2223 (FCQ). Itapua : Pin et al. 646 (PY); Isla Yacireta , M. Pena Chocarro et al. 1805 (BM, FCQ). Paraguari : P.N. Ybyciu , Schmeda 351 (FCQ). Pres. Hayes : Rio Negro on route to Fortin Gen. Bruguez, E. Zardini and da Silva 43193 (MO, PY); Puente Remanso, F. Mereles 1616 (FCQ). BRAZIL. Bahia : Ilheus , J.L. Hage & E. B. dos Santos 1586 (K). Dist. Fed. : M.P. Ferreira 14 (HUFU). Espirito Santo : Boudet Fernandes 1622 (MO). Mato Grosso : Saddi 3496 (RB). Minas Gerais : W.N. Goncales s.n. (RB). Parana : Tomazina, J.C. Lindeman & J.H. de Haas 3139 (K). Rio de Janeiro : L. Riedel 690 (K); L.C. Giordano & L.H. de Andrade 37 (K, RB); Raza Island, J. Banks & D. Solander s.n. [1768] (BM). Rio Grande do Sul : Rio Pardo, Palacios Cuezzo s.n. [10/2/1948] (K, W). Santa Catarina : F. Mueller 440 (K). Sao Paulo : G.O. Joaquim 113 (RB). GUYANA. A.S. Hitchcock 16723 (GH, NY, S); Parker s.n. (K). BOLIVIA. Cochabamba : J.R.I. Wood 20391 (BOLV, K, LPB). La Paz : L. Cayola et al. 960 (BOLV, LPB, MO). Santa Cruz : M. Nee 47897 (NY, MO, USZ). Tarija : L. Bohs 2074 (GH, LPB). PERU. Lima : Canta, G. Vilcapoma 8010 (USM). Pasco : Oxapampa, Nueva Bema, R. Vasquez et al. 36422 (MO, OXF, USM). COLOMBIA. Choco : R. Fonnegra 6738 (MO). Santander : J.H. Langenheim 3005 (COL). VENEZUELA. Carabobo : B. Trujillo 18023 (MO). Mirana : G. Morillo (MO). MEXICO. Colima : Manzanillo, E. Palmer 1631 (K). Guanajuato : Apaseo El Alto, R. Carranza & E. Perez 4991 (IEB). Guerrero : E. Garcia 43 (IEB). Michoacan : Morelia, R. Pedraza 308 (IEB). Oaxaca : El Mogoton , I. Lopez 89 (IEB). Sonora : fide Felger et al. (2012). UNITED STATES. Florida : H. Moldenke 278 (K, S); A.H. Curtiss 6496 (E, K). CUBA. H. Manitz s.n. [2/11/1989] (HAGB); E.L. Ekman 861 (S); J.G. Jack 5322 (A, P). CAYMAN ISLANDS. G.R. Proctor 11967 (BM) JAMAICA. G.R. Proctor 17470 (BM), 19662 (B). LESSER ANTILLES. Guadeloupe : fide Powell (1979). Grenada : fide Powell (1979). Barbados : E.G.B. Gooding 389 (BM). TRINIDAD. J. Becker 528 (K, P). Tobago : Clement & Ryves 93/184 (BM); W.E. Broadway 4134 (S). HAWAII. A.A. Heller 2045 (BM); Faurie 1028 (BM); B. Panahi 398 (K); Rock s.n. (K). Notes. Readily identified by the 5-7-foliolate leaves and the nearly unique, stipule-like outgrowths at the base of the petiole. It is, however, extremely variable, especially so in Hawaii. Many plants from Hawaii have elliptic leaflets up to 3.5 cm wide and correspondingly robust pseudo-stipules. There also occurs in Hawaii a var. lineariloba with very long narrow elliptic leaflets, Rock s.n. (K) being a good example of this variety. Var. hederifolia with lobed leaves, in which the leaflets are partially fused is also present in Hawaii. It is one of a number of recognised Old World varieties. We have found a specimen ( W.G. Herter 99285 from Miguelete near Montevideo in Uruguay) at S labelled as an isotype of Ipomoea cairica forma obscura but have been unable to trace the publication of this name. ••• Species 393-419 This is the large, essentially Old World Clade (OWC), containing a small number of naturally occurring New World species as well as several Old World species which are ancient or recent introductions to the New World.