Adriatic calcarean sponges (Porifera, Calcarea), with the description of six new species and a richness analysis Author Klautau, Michelle C6BB3D65-7166-4A2A-AF2B-7F13EE94F485 Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Cidade Universitária, 21941 - 902 Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil. & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: C 6 BB 3 D 65 - 7166 - 4 A 2 A-AF 2 B- 7 F 13 EE 94 F 485 & Corresponding authors: mklautau @ biologia. ufrj. br; mimesek @ irb. hr mklautau@biologia.ufrj.br Author Imešek, Mirna 5461D38C-E1B5-48B1-A41B-0134F337A143 Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Molecular Biology, Bijenička cesta 54, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia. & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 5461 D 38 C-E 1 B 5 - 48 B 1 - A 41 B- 0134 F 337 A 143 & Corresponding authors: mklautau @ biologia. ufrj. br; mimesek @ irb. hr mklautau@biologia.ufrj.br Author Azevedo, Fernanda DC0BE6B4-F24F-4765-BA2B-ED17D774B2B7 Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Cidade Universitária, 21941 - 902 Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil. & E-mail: nandaporifera @ gmail. com & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: DC 0 BE 6 B 4 - F 24 F- 4765 - BA 2 B-ED 17 D 774 B 2 B 7 Author Pleše, Bruna C9E3BEB1-01E6-44A4-807B-4800E9393C09 Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Molecular Biology, Bijenička cesta 54, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia. & E-mail: bplese @ irb. hr & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: C 9 E 3 BEB 1 - 01 E 6 - 44 A 4 - 807 B- 4800 E 9393 C 09 Author Nikolić, Vedran 84828CF3-6BA3-4541-AEF2-24422CEA0179 Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Laboratory for Benthos, P. O. Box 500, 21000, Split, Croatia. Equally contributed & E-mail: nikolic @ izor. hr & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 84828 CF 3 - 6 BA 3 - 4541 - AEF 2 - 24422 CEA 0179 Author Ćetković, Helena BD5D084E-8AAE-4CBA-991B-0901EB6C8DE1 Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Molecular Biology, Bijenička cesta 54, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia. & E-mail: cetkovic @ irb. hr & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: BD 5 D 084 E- 8 AAE- 4 CBA- 991 B- 0901 EB 6 C 8 DE 1 text European Journal of Taxonomy 2016 2016-03-02 178 1 52 journal article 22049 10.5852/ejt.2016.178 2fb82473-fc03-4cd0-87ab-4948df6faf23 2118-9773 3832959 E70C7637-C476-46CA-BAA7-BA959E0E64F5 Paraleucilla dalmatica sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D066F56A-1FD7-4742-98E2-2CEE390D1E21 Figs 12–13 ; Table 10 Etymology From the type locality. Dalmatia is one of the four historical regions of Croatia . Material examined Holotype ADRIATIC SEA: near the Island of Čiovo , 43°29'02.0" N , 16°22'10.9" E , 5 m , collected by B. Pleše and V . Nikolić , 5 Nov. 2010 ( IRB-SD5 = UFRJPOR 8346, in ethanol). Paratype ADRIATIC SEA: same data as holotype (PMR-13747, in ethanol). Fig. 13. Paraleucilla dalmatica sp. nov. , holotype (IRB-SD5 = UFRJPOR 8346). A . Cortical diactine (scale bar = 50 µm). B . Cortical microdiactine (scale bar = 20 µm). C–D . Cortical tetractines. E . Cortical triactine. F–H . Subatrial triactines. I–K . Subatrial tetractines. L–M . Atrial tetractines. Scale bar C–M = 100 µm. Table 10. Spicule measurements of Paraleucilla dalmatica sp. nov. (IRB-SD5 = UFRJPOR 8346).

length (µm)		width (µm)
min	mean	sd	max	min	mean	sd	max	n
Diactine	1000.0	25.0	50.0	-
Trichoxea	>330.0	2.5	5.0	-
Microdiactine	57.5	95.0	23.5	142.5	2.5	2.5	0	2.5	15
Cortical triactine	Paired	85.0	142.8	35.8	190.0	5.0	12.4	4.3	20.0	20
Unpaired	65.0	149.3	48.0	230.0	5.0	12.9	4.7	20.0	20
Cortical tetractine	Paired	120.0	159.1	19.2	195.0	10.0	13.4	2.0	17.5	16
Apical	75.0	133.1	33.6	190.0	7.5	13.4	2.6	17.5	16
Subatrial
tetractine and	Paired	170.0	180.0	7.1	190.0	12.5	13.2	1.2	15.0	7
triactine
Unpaired	155.0	205.8	26.7	245.0	10.0	12.7	1.1	15.0	15
Apical	23.8	37.8	11.9	50.0	7.5	8.8	1.4	10.0	4
Atrial tetractine	Paired	105.0	157.9	32.0	197.5	5.0	10.5	3.0	17.5	21
Unpaired	75.0	157.0	35.8	212.5	7.5	11.4	2.1	15.0	20
Apical	57.5	115.7	55.4	245.0	5.0	7.3	0.6	7.5	25

Colour Beige or light brown in life and white in ethanol. Description The body has the shape of a vase with a single apical osculum surrounded by a crown of trichoxeas ( Fig. 12A ). Surface is very hispid. The aquiferous system is leuconoid ( Fig. 12B ). The cortical skeleton is composed of the basal system of large tangential tetractines and few triactines ( Fig. 12C ). Giant diactines cross the surface, penetrating deeply into the choanosome. They are present from the osculum to the base of the sponge. Among these giant diactines there are also very thin and long trichoxeas, organised in tufts, and very few microdiactines ( Fig. 12D ). The choanosomal skeleton is characteristic of Paraleucilla , with an inarticulate region (outer region) and a zone without organisation (inner region) ( Fig. 12E ). The outer region is formed by the apical actine of the cortical tetractines, the unpaired actine of subatrial tetractines and very few triactines. The paired actines of these subatrial spicules are frequently curved, resembling a hook. The inner region is formed by scattered subatrial tetractines and very few triactines. The atrial skeleton is composed of tetractines only ( Fig. 12F ). In some parts of the sponge the inarticulate skeleton seems not to exist and it becomes more similar to Leucandrilla . Spicules ( Table 10 ) OSCULAR TRIACTINES. Strongly sagittal. Actines are conical and sharp. The unpaired actine is longer and thinner than the paired ones and basipetally directed. DIACTINES. Giant. They are present in the oscular crown and cortex. They are almost fusiform but slightly curved, with a thicker tip outside the sponge ( Fig. 13A ). The size is very variable. Many diatoms are attached to the diactines surrounding the osculum. Size: 1000.0/25.0–50.0 µm. TRICHOXEAS. Present in the oscular crown and cortex. They are thin, straight and most of them are broken. Size:> 330.0/2.5–5.0 µm. MICRODIACTINES. Very rare, fusiform or arrow-headed. Sometimes one of the tips has small spines while the other one is thicker ( Fig. 13B ). They are present in the cortex. Size: 95.0/ 2.5 µm . CORTICAL TETRACTINES. Sagittal. Actines are conical with sharp tips. The apical actine is longer than the basal ones, conical, straight and sharp ( Fig. 13 C–D). Size: 159.1/ 13.4 µm (paired actine); 133.1/ 13.4 µm (apical actine). CORTICAL TRIACTINES. There are very few, subregular to regular. Actines are slightly conical with sharp tips ( Fig. 13E ). Size: 142.8/ 12.4 µm (paired actine); 149.3/ 12.9 µm (unpaired actine). SUBATRIAL TRIACTINES AND TETRACTINES. The triactines are rare. Actines are conical and sharp. The unpaired actine is longer than the paired ones. The paired actines are frequently strongly curved. One of them is often shorter than the other. The apical actine of the tetractines is very short, thin, smooth and strongly curved ( Fig. 13 F–K). Size: 180.0/ 13.2 µm (paired actine); 205.8/ 12.7 µm (unpaired actine); 37.8/ 8.8 µm (apical actine). ATRIAL TETRACTINES. Sagittal. Actines are slightly conical and sharp. The apical actine is slightly conical, smooth, thinner than the basal ones and straight or only slightly curved ( Fig. 13 L–M). Size: 157.9/ 10.5 µm (paired actine); 157.0/ 11.4 µm (unpaired actine); 115.7/ 7.3 µm (apical actine). Ecology Specimens were collected on a cliff in a shaded area. Remarks Currently there are 11 known species of Paraleucilla , and P. magna Klautau et al. , 2004 is the only one that has been recorded in the Mediterranean Sea up to now. Both the external morphology and spicule composition differ in these two species. The most similar species to P. dalmatica sp. nov. are P. perlucida Azevedo & Klautau, 2007 , from Brazil , and P. princeps ( Row & Hôzawa, 1931 ) , from Australia . Nonetheless, P. dalmatica sp. nov. can be differentiated from P. perlucida mainly by the absence of diactine I and trichoxea in the latter. Paraleucilla princeps also differs by the absence of diactine I and microdiactines. Therefore, P. dalmatica sp. nov. is the second species of Paraleucilla recorded from the Mediterranean Sea.