Integration or minimalism: twenty-one new species of ghost spiders (Anyphaenidae: Anyphaena) from Mexico Author Rivera-Quiroz, F. Andrés 970DAA18-987A-4819-BE46-A3D399F77409 Understanding Evolution Research Group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, the Netherlands. andres.riveraquiroz@naturalis.nl Author Álvarez-Padilla, Fernando 0B5D4EFE-71E9-4C44-AF70-98C2E7BB37E6 Laboratorio de Aracnología, Departamento de Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, México Ciudad Universitaria, México D. F. Del. Coyoacán, C. P. 04510, Mexico. fap@ciencias.unam.mx text European Journal of Taxonomy 2023 2023-04-25 865 1 94 http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.865.2097 journal article 10.5852/ejt.2023.865.2097 3a63a183-743e-4185-8fdc-1080072ada0a 2118-9773 7867448 845BAE1A-0E6E-484B-BE6D-17F866777B51 Anyphaena salgueiroi sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 397A0D4B-A5D3-4B71-A19D-2A004876ED2F Figs 2E–F , 42 , 44A–B , 52 Differential diagnosis Females of A . salgueiroi sp. nov. can be differentiated from those of A. porta sp. nov. and A. ibarrai sp. nov. by their larger size, reddish color in alcohol ( Fig. 42A–D ), epigynal lateral borders almost touching, atrium greatly reduced, and genital openings inside two large semicircular sclerotized plates ( Fig. 42E–F ). Etymology The species epithet is dedicated to Dr Francisco Javier Salgueiro-Sepúlveda, former member of the second author’s lab. Material examined Holotype MEXICO • ♀ ; Veracruz , Calcahualco , Atotonilco , Plot I; 19.12569° N , 97.06756° W ; alt. 2300 m ; 15–24 Feb. 2013 ; Aracnolab team leg.; oak forest fragment, CRP ; AR_039; GenBank: ON619631 ; CNAN-T01537 . Paratypes MEXICO • 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for holotype; 21–30 May 2012 ; LUP ; AR_040; GenBank: ON619632 ; CNAN-T01571 • 1 ♀ ; Atotonilco , Plot II; 19.29483° N , 97.2045° W ; alt. 2388 m ; 21–30 May 2012; Arcanolab team leg.; oak and pine forest fragment; BEAT ; AR_038; GenBank: ON619630 ; CNAN-T01570 . Description Female Total length 8.2. Carapace orange over cephalic area with two red longitudinal bands over most of thoracic area, lateral margins yellow, clypeus red. Sternum pale orange, darker at margins, intercoxal triangles present on all legs. Labium red, white at tip, longer than wide. Endites pale orange, rectangular, slightly broader at tip. Chelicerae orange, promargin with five teeth, retromargin with six to seven denticles. Leg coloration: yellow at base, turning red after femora to tarsi ( Fig. 42A–D ). Lateral sides of abdomen dorsum covered with red reticulated pattern leaving clearer central longitudinal band, lateral sides with same pattern, less dense ventrally. Tracheal spiracle at center, anterior half of abdomen surface almost without red pattern, posterior half dominated by reddish longitudinal lines ( Fig. 42A–C ). Epigynum atrium rectangular, longer than wide, door-shaped. Hood narrow and straight. Copulatory openings inside two semicircular sclerotized plates ( Fig. 42E–F ). Copulatory ducts weakly sclerotized following external edge of semicircular plates, turning 180° beyond hood, and entering spermathecae ventrally at junction between long seminal receptacles and fertilization duct origin. Fertilization ducts short and curved ( Figs 42E–F , 44 A-B). Cephalothorax length 2.98, thoracic width 2.24, cephalic width 1.35. Clypeus height 0.11. Eye diameters: AME 0.1, ALE 0.13, PME 0.13, PLE 0.12. Eye interdistances: AME–AME 0.06, AME–ALE 0.04, ALE–PLE 0.18, PME–PME 0.17, PME–PLE 0.11. Femur lengths: I 2.52, II 2.42, III 1.97, IV 2.58. Leg spination: femur I d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r0-1-1. Tibia I v2-2-0, p1-1-1, r1- 1-1. Metatarsus I v2-2-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Femur II d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r0-1-1. Tibia II v2-2-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Metatarsus II v2-2-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Femur III d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r0-1-1. Tibia III v2-2-2, p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Metatarsus III v2-2-2, p1-1-2, r1-1-2. Femur IV d1-1-1, p0-0-1, r0-0-1. Tibia IV v1-2-2, p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Metatarsus IV v2-2-2, p1-1-2, r1-1-2. Fig. 42. Anyphaena salgueiroi sp. nov. , holotype, ♀ (CNAN-T01537). A . Dorsal habitus. B . Lateral habitus. C . Ventral habitus. D . Prosoma, anterior view. E . Epigynum, ventral view. F . Epigynum, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–C = 1.0 mm; D =0.5 mm; E–F= 0.2 mm. Male Unknown. Variation Females (N=3): total length 7.8 (± 0.36), cephalothorax length 2.67 (± 0.27), thoracic width 2.05 (± 0.18), cephalic width 1.25 (± 0.1), femur I 2.3 (± 0.21). Distribution This species is found in oak and oak with pine forest fragments around Pico de Orizaba Volcano National Park ( Fig. 52 ). Natural history Unknown.