Systematics of Oreobates and the Eleutherodactylus discoidalis species group (Amphibia, Anura), based on two mitochondrial DNA genes and external morphology Author Padial, José M. Author Chaparro, Juan C. Author Riva, Ignacio De La text Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2008 2008-04-30 152 4 737 773 https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00372.x journal article 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00372.x 0024-4082 5442692 OREOBATES JIMÉNEZ DE LA ESPADA 1872 Telatrema Miranda-Ribeiro, 1937 Ichnocnema – Lynch & Schwartz (1971) Oreobates – Caramaschi & Canedo (2006) Type species: Oreobates quixensis Jiménez de la Espada, 1872: 87 . Lectotype : MNCN 1708 (formerly 330). The genus Oreobates includes small to mediumsized frogs (SVL of males, 20–44 mm ; of females, 25–63 mm ) with the following characters: snout short; sexual dimorphism in size; cranial crests absent; body robust; limbs moderately long; skin of venter smooth; skin on dorsal surfaces from smooth to tuberculate; skin of plantar surfaces smooth (not considering plantar tubercles); axillary and/or inguinal glandular pads present; discoidal fold conspicuous; dorsolateral folds rudimentary or absent; males with faint or absent nuptial pads, vocal slits present, and vocal sac absent; tympanic membrane and annulus conspicuous; finger I longer or equal to finger II; finger tips usually rounded with reduced, or absent, disc structure, when present only on fingers III and IV, and always with incomplete circumferential grooves and a poorly defined ungual flap; supernumerary and subarticular tubercles present, prominent, subconical to conical, on smooth plantar surface; toe V equal or slightly shorter than toe III, not reaching distal subarticular tubercle of toe IV (condition B sensu Lynch & Duellman, 1997 ); toes lacking discs; webbing absent; no tubercles on heel or tarsus; subarticular tubercles prominent and conical, supernumerary tubercles either absent or few, and round to prominent and conical; dorsal coloration overall brown, with an occipital W-shaped dark mark, an x-shaped mid-dorsal dark mark, and a broad and oblique dark band at the anterior margin of the flanks; dentigerous process of the vomers short, prominent, almost at the level of choanae or between them; mandibular ramus of the trigeminal nerve passing lateral to the m. adductor mandibulae externus (S condition sensu Lynch, 1986 ); reproductive mode by terrestrial eggs with direct development (mode 17 of Duellman & Trueb, 1986 ); advertisement call consisting of pulsed notes (4–32 pulses), and with low dominant frequency (2000–3800 Hz) ( Padial et al ., 2008 ). The genus Oreobates includes 14 species: O. choristolemma , O. cruralis , O. discoidalis , O. granulosus , O. heterodactylus , O. ibischi , O. lehri , O. madidi , O. quixensis , O. sanctaecrucis , O. sanderi , O. saxatilis , O. simmonsi , and O. zongoensis .