On the genus Hermippus Simon, 1893 (Araneae: Zodariidae, Zodariinae) in India with the description of three new species from the Western Ghats and proposing a new biogeographical hypothesis for the distribution of the genus
Author
Sankaran, Pradeep M.
Author
Jobi, Malamel J.
Author
Joseph, Mathew M.
Author
Sebastian, Pothalil A.
text
Zootaxa
2014
3893
1
114
126
journal article
10.11646/zootaxa.3893.1.5
88264cca-af41-4906-ade0-1e7cae1447c5
1175-5326
230449
BA1E5A6D-FB15-47BD-BDFA-F661689CAC2C
Hermippus
Simon, 1893
Hermippus
Simon, 1893a: 424, 1893d: 316
, 1905a: 172;
Strand, 1906b
: 668
;
Lessert, 1938
: 432
, 1938: 433;
Lawrence, 1942
: 146
;
Jocqué, 1986a
: 10
, 13, 15, 17, 18 & 19,
Jocqué, 1987b
: 110
,
Jocqué, 1989
: 105
.
Hermippoides
Gravely, 1921a
: 407
The genus
Hermippus
, which is considered a senior synonym of
Hermippoides
Gravely, 1921
(
Jocqué 1991
)
, was erected by Simon in 1893. The genus was revised by
Jocqué (1986)
and is currently having nine valid species, seven African and two Oriental ones. Of these, three are known only from males, one is known only from female and the rest are known from both sexes (
Platnick 2014
). The occurrence of the genus
Hermippus
in
India
was first noticed by Simon in 1905. In 1921, Gravely reported a second species for which he raised the genus
Hermippoides
, which is later synonymised with
Hermippus
by
Jocqué (1991)
. Presently the genus has two representatives in
India
,
H. cruciatus
Simon, 1905
, which is reported from
Sri Lanka
also (
Jocqué 1989
) and
H. arjuna
Gravely, 1921
.
Type
species:
Hermippus loricatus
Simon, 1893
by original designation.
Redefinition and diagnosis.
Medium to large sized spiders (
6.5–15 mm
) (
Jocqué 1986
). Prosoma broad and dome-shaped without cervical groove and with a fine fovea; the lateral margins of both cephalic and thoracic regions lie more or less in a single plane so that the separation between cephalic and thoracic region is less prominent. Eyes in two rows, both procurved; laterals placed far away from medians; medians lie very close to each other. Chilum well developed. Tarsi laterally compressed, with paired rows of short ventral spines, with two claws and claw tufts; metatarsi and tarsi rebordered; fourth leg always the longest; leg formula 4213 or 4321. Opisthosoma oval with characteristic pattern; males with/ without dorsal scutum. Male palp with small membranous area supporting TA; palpal tibia with unusually modified apophysis/apophyses; cymbium with short ventro-lateral spines, with proximo-lateral flange or ‘wing’ for supporting the main tibial apophysis; embolus long, filiform; conductor long, well developed; TA short. Epigyne simple, with median septum, with wide, medially placed copulatory openings; internal duct system highly sclerotized without complex convolution. [For more details, see
Jocqué 1986
].
Distribution.
Africa,
India
,
Sri Lanka
(
Platnick 2014
).