World review of the genus Strongylophthalmyia Heller (Diptera: Strongylophthalmyiidae). Part I: Introduction, morphology, species groups, and review of the Strongylophthalmyia punctata subgroup Author Evenhuis, Neal L. text Zootaxa 2016 4189 2 201 243 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.4189.2.1 d55e95d1-8a9a-45b1-9eac-ca3365301053 1175-5326 165871 6AE6BFFF-C89E-4BBA-A2BE-CE648ECBD4D Key to species of the Strongylophthalmyia punctata subgroup (based on males) 1. Antennal process placed dorsally on flagellomere in close proximity to arista, prominent, longer than width of flagellomere (e.g., Figs. 18–22 ); fore femur without basoventral thorn-like process made from closely approximated hairs ( punctata cohort) (e.g., Figs. 62–64 ).................................................................................... 2 -. Antennal process placed on anterodorsal edge of flagellomere, short, reduced, rudimentary, as a small bump, or imperceptible (e.g., Figs. 23–24 , 31–32 ); fore femur with basoventral thorn-like process made closely approximated hairs ( Figs. 65, 66, 68, 69) ( microstyla cohort)................................................................................ 18 2. Anepisternum with small tuft of silvery white or dark brown to black hairs near katepisternum ( Fig. 38 )............... 3 -. Anepisternum without tuft, scattered hairs may be present dorsally or ventrally ( Fig. 40 )........................... 12 3. Anepisternal tuft black to dark brown; fore femur usually slightly swollen medially;................................ 4 -. Anepisternal tuft white to silvery white; fore femur concave in lateral view, not usually swollen medially............... 5 4. Wing with tinge of brown apically and medially at r-m crossvein ( Fig. 47 ); combined length of hind tarsal segments 1–5 longer than hind tibia ( Sabah , Sarawak ).................................................... borneensis Evenhuis , n. sp . -. Wing hyaline throughout; combined length of hind tarsal segments 1–5 shorter than hind tibia (Peninsular Malaysia).......................................................................................... lowi Evenhuis , n. sp. 5. Dorsal antennal process distinctly S-shaped or kinked ( Figs. 22 , 33 , 34 ); palpus widened or flared apically (e.g., Figs. 11, 14, 16 ); fore coxal hairs black or mixed orange and black......................................................... 6 -. Dorsal antennal process not S-shaped or distinctly kinked (e.g., Figs. 36, 37 ); palpus not flared apically ( Fig. 17 ); fore coxal hairs white (Thailand)................................................................................. 11 6. Palpus subtriangular, length slightly longer than greatest width.................................................. 7 -. Palpus linear-ellipsoid, slightly bowed, length 4 x width, with darkened color apically, flared but with distinct lobe dorsally..................................................................................................... 8 7. Palpus bifid ( Fig. 14 ); arista shorter than dorsal antennal process; mid femur yellowish brown; minute vestiture on laterotergite in front of halter base white (Vietnam)................................................. hauseri Evenhuis , n. sp . -. Palpus not bifid ( Fig. 93 ); arista longer than dorsal antennal process; mid femur black basally; minute vestiture on laterotergite in front of halter base black (China)................................................. sichuanica Evenhuis , n. sp . 8. Abdominal sternites I–II (and sometimes III) not sclerotized, white or membranous; fore femur with dorsal spines short ( Fig. 62 ) (Thailand)................................................................. albisternum Evenhuis , n. sp . –. Abdominal sternites I–II sclerotized, not membranous; fore femur with proximal spines longer than above ( Figs. 73–75 ).. 9 9. Anterior of thorax yellowish, black elsewhere ( Fig. 43 ) (Burma)...................................... spinosa Frey –. Anterior of thorax black (yellowish brown color may be present on postpronotum only)............................. 10 10. Mid femur and tibia black; fore coxa with 5 hairs apically; fore femur dorsally with 3–4 thorn-like spicules ( Fig. 73 ); (Thai- land); propleuron yellowish brown ( Fig. 41 ).............................................. pappi Evenhuis , n. sp . –. Mid femur and tibia yellow; fore coxa with 3 hairs apically; fore femur dorsally with 5 thorn-like spicules ( Fig. 74 ) ( Taiwan) ; propleuron brown ( Fig. 42 )................................................................ punctata Hennig 11. Antennal flagellomere distinctly darkened with brownish color along anterior edge; abdominal tergites I–II and postpronotum reddish brown; fore femur with row of 5 spicules dorsally ( Fig. 76 )...................................... thaii Papp -. Antennal flagellomere yellowish white, without darkening along anterior edge; abdominal tergite I all yellow, tergites I–II yel- low, tergites III–IV yellow medially; fore femur with two clusters of spicules dorsally (row of 3 spicules basally, row of 5 smaller spicules medially) ( Fig. 77 )................................................. thailandica Evenhuis , n. sp . 12. Posterolateral portion of head, thorax laterally and anteriormost abdominal segments predominantly yellow............. 13 -. Body predominantly shiny black to brown, without contrasting yellow in areas listed above......................... 14 13. Palpus elongate, narrow, leading to large rounded, with black clubbed apex (appearing like a tennis racquet) ( Fig. 13 ); lower occiput brown with contrasting white posterolateral spot (Philippines)........................ federeri Evenhuis , n. sp . -. Palpus normal in shape, bacilliform; occiput yellowish brown posteroventrally, without white spot (Sumatra).............................................................................................. darlingi Evenhuis , n. sp . 14. Palpus modified, strongly bilobed (e.g., Fig. 12 ), black apically................................................ 15 -. Palpus bacilliform, not modified as above................................................................. 16 15. Palpus boxing-glove shaped ( Fig. 12 ); fore femur with row of dorsal spines extending to apex, short stiff hairs basoventrally (Philippines)...................................................................... caestus Evenhuis , n.sp . –. Palpus not glove-shaped, but bilobed with proximal lobe hemispherical with setae, distal lobe ellipsoid, without setae; fore femur with dorsal spines subbasally and at distal two-thirds, row not extending to apex, cluster of yellowish setae basoven- trally (China)................................................................ phillindablank Evenhuis , n. sp . 16. Dorsal antennal process much longer than head length; dorsum of fore femur with 6 spines clustered together at extreme base, lacking both long hairs laterally and thorn-like process basoventrally (Philippines)............ inundans Evenhuis , n. sp . -. Dorsal antennal process much shorter than head length; dorsum of fore femur with row of 8–10 minute spines medially, extremely long hairs laterally, thorn-like process basoventrally................................................ 15a 17. Pleura brown; abdominal tergites brown; halter knob yellow (Peninsular Malaysia)........... malayensis Evenhuis , n. sp . -. Pleura yellow; abdominal tergites yellow; halter knob white ( Sumatra )....................... oxybeles Evenhuis , n. sp . 18. Antennal flagellomere with distinct but short, pointed process anterodorsally ( Figs. 24 , 26, 29 )...................... 19 -. Antennal flagellomere with indistinct pointed process, small, bump, or process imperceptible ( Figs. 23 , 31, 32 , 35 )...... 21 19. Antennal process length one-half length of flagellomere width ( Fig. 26 ) (Laos)................ laosensis Evenhuis , n. sp . -. Antennal process short, pointed, much less than one-half length of flagellomere width ( Figs. 24 , 29 )................. 18 20. Head and thorax yellow to reddish brown laterally................................... indochinensis Evenhuis , n. sp . -. Head and thorax black.................................................................. microstyla Shatalkin 21. Mesonotum brown, postpronotum contrasting yellow; palpus extremely large, obovate, black ( Fig. 15 ) (Peninsular Malaysia).............................................................................. nigripalpis Evenhuis , n. sp . -. Mesonotum yellow to reddish brown, not contrasting in color with postpronotum; palpus not as above................ 22 22. Palpus not modified, bacilliform, yellow ( Taiwan) ............................................ immaculata Hennig -. Palpus modified, black, not bacilliform.................................................................. 23 23. Palpus with apex spherical with single long setae ( Fig. 2 ) (Thailand); fore femur dorsally with 1–2 short spicules apically, 2 long spicules basally......................................................................... palpalis Papp –. Palpus with apex flared and rounded but not spherical, with numerous setae apically ( Sumatra ); fore femur dorsally with 5 short spicules apically, 2 long spicules basally......................................... sumatrana Evenhuis , n. sp .