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<mods:title id="8A2AE0DDD228765CF1F274A99E7D354D">Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400FE8C7E8BABF8BA5B61CFF7D" blockId="131.[151,1436,150,321]" box="[151,882,150,177]" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">
<emphasis id="B94B07520FE8C7E8BABF8BA5B5D4FF7D" bold="true" box="[151,186,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">86.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30FE8C7E8BAE88BA4B600FF7D" ID-CoL="78THN" ID-ENA="2259008" authority="Walker, Norval &amp; Corwin, 1981" authorityName="Walker, Norval &amp; Corwin" authorityYear="1981" box="[192,878,150,177]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zambeziensis">
<emphasis id="B94B07520FE8C7E8BAE88BA4B76FFF7D" bold="true" box="[192,513,150,177]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">Rhipicephalus zambeziensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10FE8C7E8B82F8BA5B600FF7D" author="Walker, J. B. &amp; Norval, R. A. I. &amp; Corwin, M. D." box="[519,878,151,177]" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" pagination="87 - 104" refId="ref263233" refString="Walker, J. B., Norval, R. A. I. &amp; Corwin, M. D. (1981) Rhipicephalus zambeziensis sp. nov., a new tick from eastern and southern Africa, together with a redescription of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus Neumann, 1901 (Acarina, Ixodidae). Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 48, 87 - 104." type="journal article" year="1981">Walker, Norval &amp; Corwin, 1981</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400FE8C7E8B95E8BA5B7F4FF35" blockId="131.[151,1436,150,321]" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">
Afrotropical: 1) 
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00FE8C7E8BE018BA5B110FF7D" box="[1065,1150,151,177]" name="Angola" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">Angola</collectingCountry>
, 2) 
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00FE8C7E8BE8D8BA5B078FF7D" box="[1189,1302,151,177]" name="Botswana" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">Botswana</collectingCountry>
, 3) 
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00FE8C7E8BF158BA5B5B6FF19" name="Mozambique" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
, 4) 
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00FE8C7E8BB288B89B40DFF19" box="[256,355,187,213]" name="Namibia" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">Namibia</collectingCountry>
, 5) 
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00FE8C7E8BBA38B89B775FF19" box="[395,539,187,213]" name="South Africa" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, 6) 
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00FE8C7E8B86A8B89B7C4FF19" box="[578,682,187,213]" name="Tanzania" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
, 7) 
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00FE8C7E8B8F98B89B647FF19" box="[721,809,187,213]" name="Zambia" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">Zambia</collectingCountry>
, 8) 
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00FE8C7E8B9798B89B6A7FF19" box="[849,969,187,213]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10FE8C7E8B9FF8B89B1CAFF19" author="Norval, R. A. I. &amp; Walker, J. B. &amp; Colborne, J." box="[983,1188,187,213]" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" pagination="181 - 190" refId="ref236803" refString="Norval, R. A. I., Walker, J. B. &amp; Colborne, J. (1982) The ecology of Rhipicephalus zambeziensis and Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (Acarina, Ixodidae) with particular reference to Zimbabwe. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 48, 181 - 190." type="journal article" year="1982">
Norval 
<emphasis id="B94B07520FE8C7E8BE048B89B10AFF19" box="[1068,1124,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">et al.</emphasis>
1982
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10FE8C7E8BE868B89B02CFF19" author="Tandon, S. K." box="[1198,1346,187,213]" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" pagination="1 - 175" refId="ref256942" refString="Tandon, S. K. (1991) The ixodid ticks of Zambia (Acarina: Ixodidae). A study of distribution, ecology and host relationships. Occasional Paper of the Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 134, 1 - 175." type="journal article" year="1991">Tandon 1991</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10FE8C7E8BF648B89B47FFF35" author="Walker, J. B. &amp; Keirans, J. E. &amp; Horak, I. G." pageId="131" pageNumber="132" refId="ref263510" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E. &amp; Horak, I. G. (2000) The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae): a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 643 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511661754" type="book" year="2000">
Walker 
<emphasis id="B94B07520FE8C7E8BABF8BEDB5A1FF35" box="[151,207,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10FE8C7E8BB348BEDB4D4FF35" author="Kolonin, G. V." box="[284,442,223,249]" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" refId="ref221361" refString="Kolonin, G. V. (2009) Fauna of ixodid ticks of the world. https: // archive. is / CtZk. Last accessed February 11, 2022." type="url" year="2009">Kolonin 2009</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10FE8C7E8BBED8BEDB7E0FF35" author="Horak, I. G. &amp; Heyne, H. &amp; Williams, R. &amp; Gallivan, G. J. &amp; Spickett, A. &amp; Bezuidenhout, J. D. &amp; Estrada-Pena, A." box="[453,654,223,249]" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" refId="ref208796" refString="Horak, I. G., Heyne, H., Williams, R., Gallivan, G. J., Spickett, A., Bezuidenhout, J. D. &amp; Estrada-Pena, A. (2018) The ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of southern Africa. Springer, Cham, 676 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 70642 - 9" type="book" year="2018">
Horak 
<emphasis id="B94B07520FE8C7E8B83A8BEDB724FF35" box="[530,586,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0FE8C7E8BAEF8A31B15AFE8D" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B80DB400FE8C7E8BAEF8A31B15AFE8D" blockId="131.[151,1436,150,321]" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30FE8C7E8BAEF8A31B774FED1" box="[199,538,259,285]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="appendiculatus">
<emphasis id="B94B07520FE8C7E8BAEF8A31B774FED1" box="[199,538,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">Rhipicephalus appendiculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is morphologically very similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30FE8C7E8B98F8A31B18EFED1" authorityName="Walker, Norval &amp; Corwin" authorityYear="1981" box="[935,1248,259,285]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zambeziensis">
<emphasis id="B94B07520FE8C7E8B98F8A31B18EFED1" box="[935,1248,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">Rhipicephalus zambeziensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and differentiation of these species is sometimes difficult (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10FE8C7E8B8AB8A15B63AFE8D" author="Walker, J. B. &amp; Keirans, J. E. &amp; Horak, I. G." box="[643,852,295,321]" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" refId="ref263510" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E. &amp; Horak, I. G. (2000) The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae): a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 643 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511661754" type="book" year="2000">
Walker 
<emphasis id="B94B07520FE8C7E8B8F28A15B67CFE8D" box="[730,786,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10FE8C7E8B9778A15B146FE8D" author="Horak, I. G. &amp; Heyne, H. &amp; Williams, R. &amp; Gallivan, G. J. &amp; Spickett, A. &amp; Bezuidenhout, J. D. &amp; Estrada-Pena, A." box="[863,1064,295,321]" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" refId="ref208796" refString="Horak, I. G., Heyne, H., Williams, R., Gallivan, G. J., Spickett, A., Bezuidenhout, J. D. &amp; Estrada-Pena, A. (2018) The ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of southern Africa. Springer, Cham, 676 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 70642 - 9" type="book" year="2018">
Horak 
<emphasis id="B94B07520FE8C7E8B9848A15B68AFE8D" box="[940,996,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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