A new species of Phyllotetranychus (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) from Iran
Author
Mahdavi, Sayed Mosayeb
Author
Latifi, Malihe
Author
Asadi, Mahdieh
text
Zootaxa
2019
2019-03-12
4565
4
566
578
journal article
28380
10.11646/zootaxa.4565.4.10
b710c958-4fdc-40c8-babb-8576eecdc1ea
1175-5326
2591261
02FED332-2F61-4C83-A8C5-7FCE506E1474
Phyllotetranychus hadii
Mahdavi, Latifi and Asadi
sp. nov.
(
Figs 1–9
)
Type material.
Holotype
, female,
IRAN
,
Manujan-Kerman Province, 27°19′
N 57°30′
E, ex.
Washingtonia filifera
(Arecaceae)
,
20 September 2018
, coll. S. M. Mahdavi.
Paratypes
. Seven females, one male and one larva, same data as holotype.
Type deposition.
All type specimens were deposited at SBUK
except one female
paratype
deposited at
ACASI
.
Diagnosis.
Female: most dorsal setae broadly orbicular to ovate, leaf-like; all dorsal setae with pseudovenation; dorsal setae
v
2
,
c
1
,
c
3
, d
1
, e
1
,
and
h
1
large, elongate (with
e
1
shortest of these), lanceolate, tapering setae
h
1
are much longer than, and obviously dissimilar in shape to, setae
h
2
;
c
2
larger than
d
2
and
e
2
; prodorsum cuticle with strong transverse pattern medially and fine oblique striae laterally; dorsal opisthosomal cuticle with irregular pattern medially, with cells formed in some areas; setation of legs I–IV: coxae 1-1-0-0; trochanters 1-1-1- 1; femora 4-4-0-0; genua 2-2-0-0; tibiae 4-4-2-2; tarsi 9(1
ω
)-9(1
ω
)-5-5; femur and genu I–II with small, broad, orbicular dorsal seta
d
, tibia I–II with dorsal seta
d
elongate, narrow, lanceolate. Male: anterior dorsal body setae (
v
2
to setal row D) orbicular, posterior dorsal setae (setal row E to posterior) becoming elongate, lanceolate; Setation of legs I–IV: coxae 1-1-0-0; trochanters 1-1-1-1; femora 4-4-0-0; genua 2-2-0-0; tibiae 4-4-4-3; tarsi 10(2
ω
)-10(2
ω
)- 5-5; femur and genu I–II with dorsal seta
d
orbicular to obovate, tibia I–II with dorsal seta
d
elongate, narrow, lanceolate, tibia III–IV with dorsal seta
d
orbicular to obovate.
Description. FEMALE (
Holotype
). (n=7;
Figs 1–3
).
Length of idiosoma (
v
2
–h
1
) 221–227 (225); width of idiosoma 185–193 (187).
Dorsum
(
Fig. 1
): Dorsum with 16 pairs of setae broad orbicular to ovate, with pseudovenation; prodorsum cuticle with strong transverse pattern medially and fine oblique striae laterally; dorsal opisthosomal cuticle with irregular pattern medially, with cells formed in some areas; dorsal setae
v
2
and
h
1
elongate, lanceolate-falcate, tapering; setae
h
1
are much longer than, and obviously dissimilar in shape to, setae
h
2
and
v
2
longer than longitudinal distance between setae
v
2
–c
1
; setae
c
1
,
c
3
, d
1
and
e
1
elongate (with
e
1
shortest of these), lanceolate, tapering; setae
c
2
larger than
d
2
and
e
2
; setae
v
2
are longest and
e
2
are the shortest dorsal setae; dorsolateral setae mostly orbicular; anterior margin of prodorsum with two pairs of prodorsal projections. Lengths of setae:
v
2
116– 119 (118),
sc
1
50–54 (53),
sc
2
37–38 (37),
c
1
114–121 (114),
c
2
41–42 (41),
c
3
68–135 (120),
d
1
103–104 (104),
d
2
31– 33
(32),
d
3
66–69 (67),
e
1
90–105 (91),
e
2
27
(27),
e
3
59
–62 (62),
f
2
51–53 (53),
f
3
40–43 (42),
h
1
109–155 (111),
h
2
47–49 (47). Distances between dorsal setae:
v
2
–v
2
58
–59 (59),
sc
1
–sc
1
99 (99),
sc
2
–sc
2
161–163 (161),
c
1
–c
1
57–62 (62),
c
2
–c
2
121–126 (122),
c
3
–c
3
175–177 (176),
d
1
–d
1
62–75 (62),
d
2
–d
2
96–98 (97),
d
3
–d
3
168–169 (167),
e
1
–
e
1
46 (46),
e
2
–e
2
99–98 (99),
e
3
–e
3
159–162 (160),
f
2
–f
2
151–154 (151),
f
3
–f
3
129–131 (129),
h
1
–h
1
26–29
(27),
h
2
–h
2
83–90 (84).
Venter
(
Fig. 2b
) with broadly spaced coarse transverse striae between
1a–4a
, and fine transverse striae between
4a–ag
; one pair of aggenital setae (
ag
); two pairs of each genital setae (
g
1–2
) and pseudanal setae (
ps
1–2
). Lengths of setae:
1a
74–77 (76),
3a
12–16 (13),
4a
13–15 (13),
ag
16–18 (18),
g
1
24–25
(24),
g
2
21–24
(24),
ps
1
10–11
(10),
ps
2
11–12
(11). Distances between setae:
1a–1a
24–25 (25),
3a–3a
53–55 (53),
4a–4a
40–43 (40),
ag– ag
13 (13),
g
1
–g
1
12–14
(12),
g
2
–g
2
27–31
(27).
Gnathosoma
(
Fig. 2a
): Palp two-segmented; palp tibio-tarsus with one eupathidium
ul'ζ
4–5 (5) and two tactile setae, palp femorogenu with one serrate seta (
d
). Ventral infracapitulum without any setae.
Legs
(
Fig. 3
): Setation of legs I–IV: coxae 1(
1b
)–1(
2b
)–0–0; trochanters 1(
v'
)– 1(
v'
)–1(
v'
)–1(
v'
); femora 4(
d
,
bv"
,
v'
,
l'
)–4(
d, bv", v', l'
)–0–0; genua 2(
d, l'
)–2(
d, l'
)–0–0; tibiae 4(
d, v', v", l'
)–4(
d, v', v", l'
)–2(
d, v'
)–2(
v'
,
v"
); tarsi 9(
ft', ft", ω", u', u", p'ζ, p"ζ, tc', tc"
)–9(
ft', ft", ω", u', u", p'ζ, p"ζ, tc', tc"
)–5(
ft', u', u", tc', tc"
)–5(
ft', u', u", tc', tc"
); solenidion on tarsus I
ω"
8–9 (8), solenidion on tarsus II
ω"
6–7 (7); dorsal seta
d
on femora and genua I–II orbicular; dorsal seta
d
on tibia I–II narrow, lanceolate; all pretarsi with true claws uncinate and empodium pad-like. Variation in setal counts on tibia III–IV as follows: tibia III with 3(
d, v', v"
present;
l"
absent) setae (n=1); tibia IV with 1(
v'
) setae (n=2).
FIGURE 1.
Phyllotetranychus hadii
sp. nov.
Female. Dorsal view, with detail of projections on anterior margin of prodorsum.
FIGURE 2.
Phyllotetranychus hadii
sp. nov.
Female. a. ventral infracapitulum, with detail of palps; b. Ventral view.
FIGURE 3.
Phyllotetranychus hadii
sp. nov.
Female. a. leg I; b. leg II; c. leg III; d. leg IV (all right side; dorsal aspect).
MALE
. (n=1;
Figs 4–6
):
Length of idiosoma (
v
2
–h
1
) 142; width of idiosoma 131
.
FIGURE 4.
Phyllotetranychus hadii
sp. nov.
Male. Dorsal view, with detail of legs.
FIGURE 5.
Phyllotetranychus hadii
sp. nov.
Male. a. Ventral view, with detail of aedeagus; b. ventral infracapitulum with detail of palps. c. Detail of aedeagus.
FIGURE 6.
Phyllotetranychus hadii
sp. nov.
Male. a. leg I; b. leg II; c. leg III; d. leg IV (all left side legs; adaxial (I–II) to abaxial (III–IV) aspects).
FIGURE 7.
Phyllotetranychus hadii
sp. nov.
Larva. Dorsal view, with detail of legs, and projections on anterior margin of prodorsum.
Dorsum
(
Fig. 4
): Prodorsum with smooth cuticle; opisthosoma with mostly smooth cuticle, except with band of transverse striae between setal rows D and E; anterior dorsal body setae (
v
2
to setal row D) orbicular, posterior dorsal setae (setal row E to posterior) becoming elongate, lanceolate; anterior margin of prodorsum smoothly rounded, without prodorsal projections. Lengths of setae:
v
2
30
,
sc
1
35,
sc
2
22,
c
1
33,
c
2
21,
c
3
25,
d
1
22,
d
2
19,
d
3
36,
e
1
33
,
e
2
25
,
e
3
50
,
f
2
43,
f
3
58,
h
1
43,
h
2
58. Distances between dorsal setae:
v
2
–v
2
49
,
sc
1
–sc
1
78,
sc
2
–sc
2
122,
c
1
–c
1
62,
c
2
– c
2
106,
c
3
–c
3
123,
d
1
–d
1
61,
d
2
–d
2
93,
d
3
–d
3
112,
e
1
–
e
1
22,
e
2
–e
2
87,
e
3
–e
3
96,
f
2
–f
2
50,
f
3
–f
3
64,
h
1
–h
1
5,
h
2
–h
2
40.
Venter
(
Fig. 5
): with broadly spaced coarse transverse striae between
1a–3a
and between
4a–ag
, with band of fine transverse striae level with
3a–3a
, and regions of smooth cuticle between coxae IV–IV and posterior to setae
ag
. Lengths of setae:
1a
58,
3a
14,
4a
17,
ag
15,
g
1
18,
g
2
20,
ps
1
18,
ps
2
17. Distances between setae:
1a–1a
21,
3a–3a
45,
4a–4a
39,
ag–ag
7,
g
1
–g
1
8,
g
2
–g
2
17. Length of aedeagus 290 (
Fig. 5c
).
Gnathosoma
: (
Fig. 5b
) similar to female with one eupathidium
ul'ζ
(4).
Legs
(
Fig. 6
): Setation of legs I–IV: coxae 1(
1b
)–1(
2b
)–0–0; trochanters 1(
v'
)–1(
v'
)–1(
v'
)– 1(
v'
); femora 4(
d, bv", v', l'
)– 4(
d, bv", v', l'
)–0–0; genua 2(
d, l'
)–2(
d, l'
)–0–0; tibiae 4(
d, v', v", l'
)–4(
d, v', v", l'
)– 4(
d, v', v", l'
)– 3(
d, v', v"
); tarsi 10(
ft', ft", ω", ω', u', u", p'ζ, p"ζ, tc', tc"
)–10(
ft', ft", ω", ω', u', u", p'ζ, p"ζ, tc', tc"
)–5(
ft', u', u", tc', tc"
)–5(
ft', u', u", ω', tc"
); solenidia on tarsus I
ω"
(9),
ω'
(11), solenidia on tarsus II
ω"
(9),
ω'
(11); femur and genu I–II with dorsal seta
d
obovate; tibia I–II with dorsal seta
d
narrow, lanceolate; tibia III–IV with dorsal setae broad; all pretarsi with true claws uncinate and empodium pad-like.
LARVA
. (n=1;
Figs 7–9
):
Length of idiosoma (
v
2
–h
1
) 127; width of idiosoma 121
.
Dorsum
(
Fig. 7
): full complement of 16 dorsal setae similar to the adult; only dorsal setae
v
2
are broadly orbicular, with pseudovenation; setae
c
1
and
d
1
narrowly lanceolate, and remaining dorsal setae small to minute, clavate. Prodorsum cuticle with striations transverse medially and longitudinal laterally; anterior margin of prodorsum with a pair of prodorsal projections. Lengths of setae:
v
2
28
,
sc
1
6,
sc
2
6,
c
1
21,
c
2
5,
c
3
6,
d
1
18,
d
2
4,
d
3
4,
e
1
5
,
e
2
3
,
e
3
3
,
f
2
3,
f
3
3,
h
1
4,
h
2
4. Distances between dorsal setae:
v
2
–v
2
39
,
sc
1
–sc
1
67,
sc
2
–sc
2
103,
c
1
–c
1
44,
c
2
–c
2
100,
c
3
–c
3
111,
d
1
–d
1
40,
d
2
–d
2
89,
d
3
–d
3
91,
e
1
–
e
1
30,
e
2
–e
2
60,
e
3
–e
3
64,
f
2
–f
2
29,
f
3
–f
3
32,
h
1
–h
1
9,
h
2
–h
2
13.
Venter
(
Fig. 8
): cuticle with fine transverse striations between setae
1a
to coxa III. Lengths of setae:
1a
40,
3a
9,
ps
1
2,
ps
2
2. Distances between intercoxal setae:
1a–1a
29,
3a–3a
60.
Gnathosoma
(
Fig. 8a
): similar to female with one eupathidium
ul'ζ
(3).
Legs
(
Figs. 9
): Setation of legs I–III: coxae 0–0–0; trochanters 0–0–0; femora 3(
d, bv", v'
)– 2(
bv", v'
)–0; genua 1(
l'
)–1(
l'
)–0; tibiae 4(
d, v', v", l'
)–4(
d, v', v", l'
)–2(
d, v'
); tarsi 7(
ft', ft", ω", u', u", p'ζ, p"ζ
)–7(
ft', ft", ω", u', u", p'ζ, p"ζ
)–3(
ft', u', u"
); solenidion on tarsus I
ω"
(4), solenidion on tarsus II
ω"
(3); tibia I–II with dorsal seta
d
narrowly lanceolate; all pretarsi with true claws uncinate and empodium pad-like.
FIGURE 8.
Phyllotetranychus hadii
sp. nov.
Larva. a. Ventral infracapitulum with detail of palps; b. Ventral view.
FIGURE 9.
Phyllotetranychus hadii
sp. nov.
Larva. a. leg I; b. leg II; c. leg III (all left side; dorsal aspect).
DEUTONYMPH, PROTONYMPH.
Unknown.
Etymology.
This species is named in honor of Mr. Sayed Hadi Mahdavi, brother of the senior author for his helpful comments about new methods of computer drawings.
Remarks.
Phyllotetranychus hadii
is easily separated from other species of this genus as follows: Female, 1. Dorsal setae
v
2
are elongate, lanceolate-falcate, tapering in
P. hadii
sp. nov.
, whereas setae
v
2
are broad and strongly ovate to rhombic in
P. aegyptium
and
P. gawadii
, and narrowly oblong in
P. romaine
; setae
c
3
and
h
1
are lanceolatefalcate, tapering in
P. hadii
vs. setae
c
3
and
h
1
broadly orbicular to weakly falcate in the other three species. 2. Dorsal setae
h
1
are much longer than, and obviously dissimilar in shape to, setae
h
2
in
P. hadii
, vs. setae
h
1
and
h
2
of similar shape and size to each other in the other species. 3. Setae
c
3
and
d
3
are dissimilar in shape and length to each other in
P. hadii
, vs. setae
c
3
and
d
3
of similar shape and length to each other in the other species. 4. Setation of coxae, femora and tibiae are different between
P. hadii
and
P. gawadii
. Male, 1. With dorsal body setae
c
1
, d
1
and
e
1
similar in shape and size to each other in
P. hadii
,
P. aegyptium
and
P
.
gawadii
vs. setae
c
1
,
d
1
,
e
1
dissimilar in shape and size to each other in
P. romaine
. 2. Dorsal body setae
f
2
are smaller than
f
3
in
P. hadii
vs. similar in shape and size in
P. aegyptium
and
P. gawadii
. The setation of the legs of
P. gawadii
needs further attention as some setae reported present or absent for that species, and the differences between males and females, are unusual. Our attempt to borrow the
types
was unsuccessful.
It seems likely that
P. gawadii
is a junior synonym of
P. aegyptium
. Both species are from date palm in northern
Egypt
, so share the same
type
host and general
type
locality. According to
Halawa
et al
. (2015)
, the species are separated by the shape of setae
v
2
in females, the shape of setae
c
1
and
d
1
in
males, and the size of setae
sc
1
in
larvae; leg chaetotaxy is also stated as being completely different.
The shape and size of dorsal setae are prone to some variation. This may be natural, but setae vary in size and shape due to slide-mounting variation, especially for these broad setae found in
Phyllotetranychus
, which may be flattened to different degrees during slide-mounting. This variation and possible synonymy warrants further studies including examination of
types
and consideration of more material on date palms. Furthermore, the claimed differences in leg chaetotaxy are highly unlikely to be real as leg chaetotaxy was not studied in
P. aegyptium
. Also, the authors state that
P. aegyptium
has only one nymphal stage and that
P. gawadii
has three.
Zaher
et al
. (1969)
claimed that
P. aegyptium
had one nymphal stage, but all flat mites have a larva and two nymphal stages, so this deserves further attention.
Halawa
et al.
(2015)
make the unusual claim that
P. gawadii
has retained the tritonymph. However, it seems more likely that
P. gawadii
has sexual dimorphism of the deutonymph, as noted by
Beard
et al.
(2018)
for the closely related genus
Raoiella
.