Taxonomic Review of the Subtribe Athouina Candèze, 1859 (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Dendrometrinae, Dendrometrini) in Korea Author Han, Taeman Author Park, Haechul Author Lee, Youngbo Author Kim, Namjeong Author Ôhira, Hitoo Author Platia, Giuseppe Author Lee, Seunghwan text Zootaxa 2012 3591 47 66 journal article 10.5281/zenodo.283181 1b90d324-193c-4943-a2d4-069e62a48b7a 1175-5326 283181 Limoniscus kraazi kraatzi ( Candèze, 1879 ) Limonius Kraatzi Candèze, 1879 : 281 (Amur, Russia ) Limoniscus Kraatzi : Miwa 1935 : 51 (Mt. Ibuki, Japan ) Korean records Limoniscus kraatzi Candèze : Miwa, 1928 : 133 and 134 (Amur, Russia and Kôryô, Korea ) Limoniscus kraatzi Candèze : Miwa, 1933 : 158 . (fauna: Amur, Corea ) Limoniscus kraatzi Candèze 1879 : Miwa, 1934 : 167 . (fauna: Amur, Corea ) Limoniscus kraatzi Candèze 1879 : Cho, 1957 : 222 (catalogue: Korea , Amur) Gambrinus kraatzi kraatzi Candèze : Kishii, 1966 : 47 (Amur and Corea ) Limoniscus kraatzi Candèze : Cho, 1969 : 300 (list: Korea , Amur) Gambrinus kraatzi : Lee et al., 1985 : 453 (fauna: Is. Jeju) Gambrinus kraatzi ( Candèze, 1879 ) : Kishii, 1987 : 83 (Checklist: Japan , Korea , Is. Saisu-to, and Amur) Gambrinus kraatzi Candèze 1879 : Paik et al. 1993 : 127 (fauna: Is. Jeju-do) Gambrinus kraatzi (Candèze) : Park et al. 1993: 179 (fauna: Hampyeong, JN) Gambrinus kraatzi (Candèze) : Shin and Yoon, 1994 : 159 (checklist) Limoniscus kraatzi kraatzi ( Candèze, 1879 ) : Kishii and Paik, 2002 : 5 (Is. Jeju) Limoniscus kraatzi kraatzi ( Candèze, 1879 ) : Cate, 2007 : 165 (catalogue) Specimens examined. A total of 75 individuals. <GW> male, Mt. Baekam, Naechon-myeon, Hongcheon, GW. 22. V. 2002 . Y. B. Lee, DNA 1156 [NAAS]; male, Mt. Gachilbong, Hongcheon, GW. 21~ 23. VI. 1998 . S. G. Kim, DNA1175 [KU]; female, Mt. Bangtae, Injae-gun, GW. 4~ 6. VI. 1999 . W. J. Choi, DNA 1174 [KU]; male, Temple Baekdam-sa, Injae-gun, GW. 5. VI. 1979 . S. H. Nam, DNA 1176 [KU]; male, ditto, 4–6. VI. 1999 . W. C. Choi [SNU]; male, ditto, 25. V. 2002 . J. D. Yeo [NAAS]; female, Mt. Hanseok, Injae-gun, GW. 18. VI. 197. H. C. Park [NAAS]; female, Temple Bukdae-sa, Mt. Odae, Pyeongchang-gun, GW. 29. V. 1996 . S. M. Lee, DNA 1177 [NAAS]; female, Mt. Odae, Jogaedong, Hongcheon. 30. VI. 1997 . J. I. Kim, DNA 1181 [SWU]; male, Jingogae, Mt. Odae, Jinbu, Pyeongchang-gun, GW. 7. VI. 1995 . J. U. Jeong, DNA 1199 [SNU]; male, Mt. Gyebang, Nodong-ri, Yongpyeong, Pyeongchang, GW. 13. VI. 2009 . T. M. Han, DNA 1045 [NAAS]; 2 males , Osaek, Mt. Seolak, Yangyang-gun, GW. 23. V. 1989 . Y. J. Kwon, DNA 2004 and 2009 [NAAS]; female, Jeongok-dong, Donghae-si, GW. 23. V. 1998 . H. H. Lee, DNA 1178 [SWU]; female, Mt. Samhwa-san, Donghae-si, GW. 26. VI. 1984 . B. R. Park, DNA 1180 [SWU]; male, Dangun-gak, Taebaek-si, GW. 30. V. 1999 . E. H. Lee, DNA 1179 [SWU]; male, Mt. Hambaek, Gohan-eup, Jeongseon, GW. 21. V. 2010 . T. M. Han, DNA 2786 [NAAS] <GB> male, Heibang valley, Mt. Sobaeck, Punggi-gun, Yeongju-si, GB. 28. V. 1999 . J. Y. Jeong, DNA 1182 [SWU]; male, ditto, 31. V. 1989 . Y. J. Kwon, DNA, 2008 [NAAS]; female, Mt. Sobaek, Yeongju, GB. 6. VI. 1981 . H. Y. Kim [KU]; male, Mt. Palgong, Daegu. 18. V. 1991 . Y. J. Kwon, DNA 2005 [NAAS]; female, Mt. Guryong, Boeungun, CB. 20. V. 1997 . H. C. Park [NAAS] <GN> female, Goseong, GN. 1. VI. 1993 . D. S. Ku, DNA 2003 [NAAS]; male, Temple Chilbulsa, Hadong, GN. 17. V. 2008 . T. H. Kang, DNA 395 [NAAS]; male, Mt. Wonhyo, Sangbuk-myeon, Yangsan-si, GN. 1. VI. 2002 . M. B. Choi; female, Baenae-gol, Mt. Gaji, Ulsan, GN. 12. V. 2000 . S. G. Kim <CB> female, Songgye-ri, Hansu-myeon, Jaecheon, CB, Korea . 18. V. 2010 . S. W. Park, DNA 2778. [NAAS]; male. Hwayang-ri, Guisan-gun, CB. 25. V. 1998 . Y. J. Baek, DNA 1188 [SWU] <GG> female, Mt. Gwanak, Gwanak-gu, Seoul. 8. V. 1999 . H. J. Yoon, DNA 1162 [KU]; female, Mt. Surak, Nowon-gu, Seoul. 17. V. 1977 . S. Y. Nam, DNA 1163 [KU]; male, ditto. 12. V. 1998 . S. H. Shon, DNA 1164 [KU]; male, Mt. Dobong, Dobong-gu, Seoul. 9. V. 1998 . E. Y. Lee, DNA 1165 [KU]; female, ditto, 30. V. 1992 . H. J. Choi, DNA 1166 [KU]; male, Mt. Bukhan, Seoul. 8. VI. 2010 . T. M. Han, DNA 2901 [NAAS]; male, Mt. Yongmun, Yangpyeong, GG. 19. V. 1973 . W. C. Yeom, DNA 1167 [KU]; male, ditto, 8. V. 1998 . C. Y. Cho, DNA 1193 [KU]; female, Icheon, GG. 24. V. 1992 . J. K. Noh, DNA 2000 [SNU]; female, Gwangreung, Pocheon, GG. 13. VI. 1981 . Y. H. Jin, DNA 1190 [KU]; male, ditto, 13. V. 1994 . K. S. Woo, DNA 2001 [SNU]; female, ditto, 20. V. 1990 . S. M. Lee [KU]; 3 males , Namhansanseong, Seongnam, GG. 9. V. 1987 . S. B. Baek, DNA 1168–1170 [KU]; female, ditto, 29. V. 1982 . E. M. Lee, DNA 1171 [KU]; female, ditto, 3. V. 1998 . T. W. Kang, DNA 1172 [SWU]; female, Ueom-mi-ri, Jungbumyeon, Gwangju, GG. Y. Kim, DNA 1192 [KU]; female, Mt Gwanggyo, Suwon, GG. 18. V. 2001 . G. S. Lee, DNA 1152 [NAAS]; male, Mt. Gwanggyo, Suwon, GG. 17. V. 1998 . S. S. Jang, DNA 1158 [NAAS]; male, Mt. Chilbo, Homaesil-dong, Suwon, GG. 30. IV. 2004 . T. W. Kang, DNA 1155, SEM imaged [NAAS]; female, Suwon. 17. V. 1984 . D. J. Im, DNA 2002; male, ditto, 15. V. 1962 . U. H. Baek, DNA 2007 [NAAS]; female, Mt. Cheonggye, Hakui-dong, Uihwang, GG. 22. V. 2009 . T. M. Han, DNA 823 [NAAS]; male, Ohyeon-myeon, Yongin, GG. 6. VI. 1993 . Y. E. Lee, DNA 1187 [SWU]; female, Temple Seungcheon-sa, Mt. Myeongji, Baekdun-ri, Buk-myeon, Gapyeong, GG. 28. V. 2001 . H. C. Park, DNA 1154, SEM imaged [NAAS]; female, Mt. Unak, Gapyeong, GG. 1. VI. 1992 . Y. H. Park, DNA 1173 [KU]; female, Mt. Hwaya, Cheongpyeong, Gapyeong, GG. T. M. Han, DNA 2694 [NAAS] <CN> female, Mt. Geryong, Gongju, CN. 26. V. 1974 . U. Y. Lee, DNA 1194 [NAAS] <JB> male, Gucheondong, Muju, JB. 12. VI. 2000 . T. W. Kim, DNA 1153 [NAAS]; male, ditto, 20. V. 1983 . Y. S. Lee, DNA 1184 [SWU]; male, female, Temple Backryeon-sa, Mt. Dukyou-san, Muju. 19. VII. 2007 . J. U. Jeong, DNA 1159 and 1160 [NAAS]; male, Mt. Dukyou-san, Muju. 25. V. 1993 . J. S. Yang, DNA 1185 [SWU]; male, ditto. 25. V. 1993 . J. Y. Lee, DNA 1186 [SWU]; female, ditto, 28. V. 1991 . Y. J. Kwon, DNA 2010 [NAAS]; male, ditto, 20. VI. 1992 . Y. J. Kwon [NAAS]; male, Temple Naebyeon-sa, Buan-gun, JB. 8. V. 2000 . H. C. Park, DNA 1161 [NAAS]; female, Temple Geumsan-sa, Geumsan-ri, Geumsan-myeon, Kimjae-si, JB. 13. V. 2000 . M. A. Kim [NAAS] <JN> female, Mt. Jiri, Gurye-gun, JN. 4. VI. 1998 . H. S. Joung, DNA 1191 [KU]; male, Piagol valley, Mt. Jiri, Guryegun, JN. 11. VI. 1997 . M. I. Baek, DNA 1198; female, Mt. Duryun, Haenam, JN. 23. VI. 1993 . P. M. J, DNA 1189 [KU] <JJ> male, Seongpanak, Gyorae, Jocheon, JJ. 15. VI. 2001 . J. Y. Choi, DNA 1150 [NAAS]; male, ditto, 4. V. 1990 . S. H. Jeong, DNA 1197 [FNMJ]; male, Jeju Fork Museum, JJ. 24. V. 2004 . S. H. Jeong, DNA 1151 [FNMJ]; male, Eorimok, Haean-dong, Jeju-si, JJ. 7. VI. 1984 . Unknown collector, DNA 1195 [FNMJ]; female, ditto, 28. V. 1992 . S. H. Lee, DNA 1196 [NAAS]; male, ditto, 7. VI. 1997 . S. S. Kim [NAAS] Description . Male ( Fig. 1 E) medium size, 9.0– 11.4 mm long, 2.1–2.9 mm wide; body sub-cylindrical, parallel-sided. color blackish lustrous, weakly bronze; femurs and maxillary palpi dusky reddish brown to reddish brown; tibia to claws, mandible apices, 3rd to 11th antennomeres dusky reddish brown; epipleura of elytra brownish yellow; elytral maculae yellow; pubescence rather dense, sub-recumbent, griseous to pale yellow (rarely golden yellow) except on dorso-median region of pronotum and from 1/3 to 2/3 of elytra reddish black. Head ( Fig. 7 D) with shallow triangular impression; frontal margin well expanded above each antennal socket ( Fig. 7 F); punctures circular, simple, almost regular, very dense with diameter of punctures 1.41−2.6 times broader than intervals ( Fig. 7 E); surface glabrous; eyes moderately prominent, with ocelli weakly convex; vertex about 5.9 times (47:8) wider than eyes in dorsal view; frontal groove ( Fig. 7 F) broadly and transversely excavated, with largely and coarsely ocellated sculpture, shallow and narrowing at middle; the intermediate portion between eye and antennal socket with a distinct groove; labrum semi-circular with long setae bearing from middle to anterior margin; mandibles bidentate at apex; maxillary palpi axe shape, the last segment elongate, subtriangular. Antennae moderately long, 10th and 11th antennomeres exceeding beyond of pronotal hind angles, distinctly serrated from 4th segment; 1st robust, rather flat dorsally, rugose, with large punctures; 2nd ( Fig. 7 G) small, subcylindrical, 1.34–1.41 times as long as wide; 3rd ( Fig. 7 G) small, subequal length with 2nd (sometimes a little shorter), subtriangular, 1.3–1.4 times as long as wide; 4th triangular, 1.26–1.37 times as long as wide, a little shorter (0.94–0.97 times) than combined length of 2nd and 3rd segments; 4th to 10th triangular, each slightly longer than wide; 11th elliptical, longest, 2.3–2.4 times as long as wide (cat. from 2nd to 5th, 11th = 17.5/13: 17/13: 33/26: 30/ 25.5, 44/18). Pronotum ( Fig. 7 A) trapezoidal, convex above, 1.14–1.19 times longer than wide (55:46), widest beyond middle; anterior margin slightly arched at middle, finely carinate; lateral margins entirely carinate, with a conspicuous expansion at anterior angle, sub-parallel sided from base to posterior two thirds, then slightly convergent anteriorly; lateral margin visible in dorsal view; punctures ( Fig. 7 B and 7C) distinct, large, regular; intervals glabrous, distinctly narrower (0.3–0.65 times) than punctures; pronotal hind angles ( Fig. 7 H and 7I ) broad at base, short, very feebly sinuate at base, divergent posteriorly, with a distinct short and fine carina, with a nail-like projection on inner side of apex ( Fig. 7 H); posterior margin ( Fig. 7 I) lacking basal incisures; base of pronotum truncate, lacking a notch in front of scutellum. Prosternum ( Fig. 7 K) convex; anterior color bent antero-inferiorly and roundly margined, sub-equal in length to anterior apex of hypomera; posterior process bent beyond procoxal cavities and then expanded laterally, ventral surface slightly convex in lateral view ( Fig. 7 L); procoxal cavities narrowly open posteriorly; pronotosternal sutures double, nearly straight, anterior portion ( Fig. 7 M) distinctly furrowed and expanded ventrally; hypomeron shallowly impressed anteriorly, with a distinct emargination near posterior apex ( Fig. 7 N). Scutellum ( Fig. 7 J) pentagonal, flat, 1.4 times longer than wide, anterior margin 0.75 times narrower (21:28) than the widest point beyond middle; lateral sides parallel to one third and then broadly and roundly expanded; posterior margin semi-elliptical; pubescence distinctly long. Mesocoxal cavities ( Fig. 7 O) broadly connected with mesoepimeron, but distinctly narrowly connected with mesoepisternum. Metasternum moderately convex; median longitudinal suture incomplete; hind coxal plates ( Fig. 7 P) widest at insertion of trochanter, outer margin slightly convergent to anterior two thirds and then suddenly narrowed laterally. Legs slender, tibia and claws ( Fig. 7 S) simple. Elytra ( Fig. 7 Q) sub-cylindrical, 2.3–2.6 times as long as wide, slightly wider than pronotum, widest at humeral angles, parallel-sided on posteriorly two thirds and then gradually rounded to posterior third, sutural line weakly elevated with a small spine at apex; base weakly concave along anterior edges; striae ( Fig. 7 Q) punctate, distinct; strial intervals feebly convex, densely punctate. Abdomen with each margin of sternites entirely and weakly crenulate ( Fig. 7 T); sternite 7 ( Fig. 7 R) semi-oval, 1.7 times as wide as long, punctures becoming denser and larger posteriorly. Aedeagus ( Fig. 8 A–B) conically shaped, 3.15 times (23:7.3) as long as wide; median lobe slender, gradually narrowed to apex, exceeding apices of parameres, 3.0 times (13.7:4.5) longer than basal struts; parameres narrowing to apex, lateral margins slightly sinuate at middle and then slightly arched, inner margins straight, with lateral subapical barb expanded triangularly; lateral subapical barb ( Fig. 7 B) distinctly elongated, 1.84 times (3.5:1.9) as long as wide, with 5–6 long setae on dorsal surface; basal piece quadrate, 1.26 times as long as wide, 0.4 times (9.2:23) of total length of aedeagus. Female ( Fig. 1 F). Length 9.5–12.8 mm , width 2.3–3.2 mm , larger, stouter than male; antennae shorter than male, antennae exceeding beyond of hind angles of pronotum by half of 11th segment, 2nd segment a little longer than 3rd (about 1.06–1.13 times), the combined length of 2nd and 3rd segments distinctly longer (1.24–1.30 times) than 4th; pronotum more convex and swollen than male, lateral margins of pronotum invisible medially; lateral margins of elytra generally parallel-sided from humeral angles, then widest before maculae. Reproductive organs ( Fig. 8 C): ovipositor sub-triangular, with styli; vagina elongate, rather stout; uterus subcylindrical, broader at base of BC than at base of vagina, with small colleterial glands, lacking sclerotised structures; bursa copularix sac like with a small accessory gland, and then cylindrically elongate with a short accessory gland and a long tubular extension. Reference species. Limoniscus kraatzi nihonicus ( Kishii, 1966 ) : female, Otari onsen, Otari-mura, Nagano Pref. N361546-3652405, E13759038-13758459, H 1096-1130 , Japan . 26. VI. 2006 . K. J. Hong, DNA 1157, identified by T. M. Han. Limoniscus kraatzi kraatzi (Cand.) : female, Россия , Приморский край, Лазовский р-н, окр. E. В. Шохрин leg. 4–6. VI. 2007 [ Russia , Primorsky Krai, Lazo district. 26–29. V. 2007 . E. B. Shohrin leg, identified by A. S. Prosvirov, 2007], DNA 2394 [NAAS], identified by T. M. Han. FIGURE 7. SEM images of Limoniscus kraatzi kraatzi in Korea. A: Pronotum B: Punctures of median portion of pronotum. C: Punctures of antero-median portion of pronotum (×1,000). D: Head. E: Punctures of median portion of head. F: Frontal view of the head. G: 2nd to 4th antemomeres, male. H: Hind angle of pronotum. I: Posterior margin of pronotum. J: Scutellum. K: Prosternum. L: Lateral view of prosternal process. M: Anterior portion of hypomeron. N: Posterior margin of hypomeron. O: Mesocoxal cavity in a ventro-lateral view. P: Metacoxal plate. Q: Right elytron. R: Sternite 7. S: Fore claw. T: Crenulate lateral margin of 5th sternite. Remarks . Candèze (1879) described the species from Amur in Russian Far East. Miwa (1928) reported the species in Korea for the first time based on a male specimen collected from Kôryô (= Gwangreung sited in Pocheon, GG). This nomino-typical subspecies, widely distributed from the Primorsky in Russian Far East to Jilin in eastern China and the Korean Peninsula, is distinguishable from the subspecies L. kraatzi nihonicus ( Kishii, 1966 ) in Japan by the size and density of punctures on the pronotum and the shape of the scutellum ( Kishii, 1966: 47 ). Taxonomic and biological aspects of this species were identified by Ôhira (1984) . He particularly pointed out the color variation of the pubescence, from grayish to golden yellow, and the shape variation in the elytral maculae. Ôhira et al. (2006) provided brief information on the Russian population of the species. Distribution. Korean Peninsula, Russian Far East, China (Jilin) ( Ôhira et al. 2006 , Cate, 2007 )