Nine new species of the genus Pholcus Walckenaer (Araneae: Pholcidae) from South Korea Author Lee, Jun-Gi Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Korea. Author Lee, Jun-Ho Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Korea. Author Choi, Doo-Yeong Korea Institute of Spider and Ecology, Seoul, 08596, Korea. Author Park, Sun-Jae Climate Change and Environmental Biology Research Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, 22689, Korea. Author Baek, Min-Jeong Climate Change and Environmental Biology Research Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, 22689, Korea. Author Kim, Sam-Kyu Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Korea. & Department of Plant Medicine, Division of Bio-Resource Science, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Korea. text Zootaxa 2024 2024-03-28 5432 2 179 212 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5432.2.3 journal article 293419 10.11646/zootaxa.5432.2.3 4b32801c-e71e-4bbc-8462-9666356a4dea 1175-5326 10898691 8B157EDE-7ADB-4AC0-8C98-66D68D8EB27B Pholcus hwangjeong Lee & Lee , sp. nov. Figs 1I–J , 2I–J , 7, 15F–H, 18 Type material. Holotype : ♂ , SOUTH KOREA : Chungcheongbuk-do : Danyang-gun , Daegang-myeon , near Hwangjeongsan National Recreation Forest (36˚50'27"N, 128˚21'14"E, 493 m ), 03 Jun. 2017 , Doo-Yeong Choi leg. ( NIBR ) . Paratypes : 2♀♀ , same data as holotype (KNU-Ar 20230063–64) ; 2♂♂ , same data as holotype (KNU-kise 712) . Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the type locality, Mt. Hwangjeongsan. Noun in apposition. FIGURE 7. Pholcus hwangjeong Lee & Lee , sp. nov. (A–G: holotype male, H–I: one of paratype females). A–B, male left palp (A: prolateral view, B: retrolateral view); C–E, procursus tip (C: prolateral view, D: dorsal view, E: retrolateral view; arrow 1 in D indicates sclerotized retrolateral margin of prolateral process, arrow 2 in D indicates linear distal margin of prolateral process, arrow 3 in C–D indicates slender and distally denticulate projection of prolateral process, arrow 4 in C indicates membranous ventral process); F–G, bulbal process (F: prolateral view, G: retrolateral view); H, epigyne, ventral view; I, internal genitalia, dorsal view. Abbreviations: e=embolus, pa=pseudoappendix, pp=pore plate of internal genitalia, pr=procursus, u=uncus. Scale bars=0.5mm (A–B, H–I), 0.25mm (C–G). Diagnosis. Males similar to Pholcus socheunensis Paik, 1978 , having prolateral process of procursus elongated retrolaterally and marginally curved roundly ( Fig. 7D ), but can be distinguished by: 1) prolateral process of procursus with distal margin linear ( Fig. 7D ) (obtuse triangular in P . socheunensis , see Paik 1978 : fig. 6); 2) uncus auriculate and sinuated ( Fig. 7F ) (lingulate in P . socheunensis , see Paik 1978 : fig. 7); 3) pseudoappendix stout, distally slightly bent dorsally ( Fig. 7F ) (slender, strongly curved backwards in P . socheunensis , see Paik 1978 : fig. 7). Females similar to Pholcus ungyo Lee & Lee , sp. nov. and Pholcus gimsatgat Lee & Lee , sp. nov. (for differences see diagnosis of P . ungyo sp. nov. above). Description. Male ( holotype ). Habitus as in Fig. 1I . Total length 6.1. Prosoma 1.8 long, 1.9 wide. Carapace round, pale yellow, with brown radial marks and marginal band on thoracic area.Eye area slightly elevated, posteriorly with dark brown marks laterally and medially. Diameter of AME 115 µm, ALE 166 µm, PME 165 µm, PLE 177 µm. AME–AME 45 µm, PME–PME 229 µm, PME–ALE 34 µm. Clypeus with large brown mark, without process. Chelicera ( Fig. 2I–J ) with thumb-like proximo-lateral apophysis, tiny knob-like frontal apophysis, and ventrally curved, notched triangular distal apophysis distinctly longer and larger than proximo-lateral apophysis. Sternum longer than wide, shield-like, pale yellow with brown marks laterally and posteriorly. Opisthosoma 4.1 long, 1.9 wide, cylindrical, pale yellow, without cuticular patterns, with cardiac pattern and many black granular spots dorsally and laterally. Leg femora and tibiae yellowish brown with two whitish and two dark brown bands distally, two dark brown bands proximally; patellae, metatarsi, tarsi dark brown, without bands; leg Ⅰ femur distinctly darker. Leg Ⅰ 52.1 (13.3 + 0.8 + 13.6 + 22.0 + 2.4), leg II 36.3 (10.1 + 0.8 + 9.5 + 14.3 + 1.7), leg III 25.2 (7.4 + 0.7 + 6.5 + 9.3 + 1.3), leg IV 33.1 (9.6 + 0.7 + 8.5 + 12.8 + 1.5). Ratio of leg Ⅰ (17.1: 1.0: 17.5: 28.2: 3.1), leg II (13.0: 1.0: 12.2: 18.3: 2.1), leg III (10.1: 1.0: 8.8: 12.8: 1.8), leg IV (13.4: 1.0: 11.8: 17.7: 2.1). Leg formula 1243. Tibia Ⅰ L/d 85. Tibiae, metatarsi, tarsi with short vertical setae, tibiae and metatarsi Ⅰ, II with long curved hairs. Tibiae with three trichobothria, except tibia Ⅰ (prolaterally absent). Retrolateral trichobothrium on tibia Ⅰ at 6% proximally. Tarsus I with 29 pseudosegments, mostly irregular. Palp ( Fig. 7A–G ). Trochanter apophysis ( Fig. 7B ) less than half as long as femur, straight, slender, distally blunt, ventro-subdistally with single curved hair, proximo-dorsally with round tubercle; femur ventrally swollen; tibia with prolatero-ventral tubercle; procursus ( Fig. 7B–E ) dark brown, curved perpendicularly dorsally, with large ventral knee; dorso-subdistally swollen, with single short spine near retrolateral ridges ( Fig. 7C–D ); procursus tip ( Fig. 7C–E ) with single large ridges and several indistinct ridges retrolaterally ( Fig. 7E ), prolateral process broad and membranous, strongly sclerotized and extended triangular retrolaterally (arrowed 1 in Fig. 7D ) and medially semi-transparent, distal margin linear and denticulate (arrowed 2 in Fig. 7D ), prolateral margin round and sinuated, strongly sclerotized with thick longitudinal mark slightly far from proximal procursus, distally with single thin projection narrowed and dentate (arrowed 3 in Fig. 7C–D ), and membranous ventral process (arrowed 4 in Fig. 7C ); genital bulb oval, pale yellow; uncus ( Fig. 7F ) about 0.6 times as long as genital bulb, dark brown, auriculate and sinuated, outer margin with numerous tiny scales; pseudoappendix ( Fig. 7G ) slightly shorter than uncus, strongly sclerotized, stout, straight, distally blunt, slightly bent dorsally; embolus ( Fig. 7G ) slender, distally fringed, weakly sclerotized, slightly longer than uncus. Female (one of paratypes , KNU-Ar 20230063). Habitus as in Fig. 1J . Somatic characteristics generally similar to male, but cheliceral apophyses absent, legs slightly shorter. Total length 5.1. Prosoma 1.5 long, 1.7 wide. Diameter of AME 110 µm, ALE 158 µm, PME 144 µm, PLE 153 µm. AME–AME 50 µm, PME–PME 185 µm, PME–ALE 31 µm. Opisthosoma 3.4 long, 1.1 wide. Leg Ⅰ 34.3 (8.5 + 0.7 + 8.7 + 14.2 + 2.2), leg II 24.2 (6.7 + 0.7 + 6.1 + 9.4 + 1.4), leg III 17.6 (5.0 + 0.6 + 4.3 + 6.7 + 1.1), leg IV 23.8 (6.9 + 0.6 + 6.0 + 9.0 + 1.3). Ratio of leg Ⅰ (12.4: 1.0: 12.6: 20.6: 3.1), leg II (10.2: 1.0: 9.4: 14.5: 2.2), leg III (7.8: 1.0: 6.7: 10.4: 1.7), leg IV (11.6: 1.0: 10.2: 15.3: 2.3). Leg formula 1243. Tibia I L/d 62. Epigyne ( Fig. 7H ). Anterior plate rhomboid, anteriorly with brown wide rhomboid mark, posteromedial margin strongly extended; posterior plate ivory, medially about half as long as anterior plate and laterally as long as anterior plate, lateral portion expanded roundly with posterior edge strongly extended, with pair of yellowish brown sclerotized areas on anterolateral margin with several irregular dark brown marks; epigynal knob dark brown, thick, blunt, more than half as long as posterior plate; posterior sclerotized cuticle brown, strongly procurved, as long as posterior plate; interspace between posterior plate and posterior sclerotized cuticle yellowish brown, slightly shorter than posterior sclerotized cuticle. Internal genitalia ( Fig. 7I ). Anterior arch slightly sinuated, medially strongly sclerotized and extended anteriorly; anterolateral portion slightly extended laterally, with blunt tip; genital valve slightly curved roundly; lateral portion strongly concave and flattened; pore plates oblong, wide apart, positioned parallel. Variation. Males. Prosoma width: 1.8–1.9 (mean 1.9), tibia Ⅰ: 12.3–13.8 (mean 13.2) (n=3). The palpal shapes were largely consistent ( Fig. 15F ). Females. Prosoma width: 1.7–1.8, tibia Ⅰ: 8.7–9.3 (n=2). An intrapopulational variation was observed on the size of pore plates of internal genitalia ( Fig. 15H ). The epigynal shapes were largely consistent, but some have pair of small sclerotized marks on the median portion of epigynal posterior plate (arrowed in Fig. 15G ). Habitat information. This species was found inside road drains in mountainous regions. Distribution. Korea (Danyang) ( Fig. 18 ).