<document id="6F84020DC38E7ABAE08E4F70B5628CBF" ID-CLB-Dataset="8839" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4906.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="308129a3-a99f-4012-bb41-d3220692c398" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4434000" ID-ZooBank="09383AAD-8E30-4E50-A533-C6DA4D00E33C" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1610443640918" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lobato-Vila, Irene &amp; Pujade-Villar, Juli" docDate="2021" docId="03BF702A9538FFFFFDE5FA9C72D8F8D5" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4906.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4906 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Synergus longiscapus Pujade-Villar &amp; Lobato-Vila in Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar 2017" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="62" masterDocId="FF8608529505FFC2FD72FF84736DFE73" masterDocTitle="The genus Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) in the New World: a complete taxonomic revision with a key to species" masterLastPageNumber="121" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="62" updateTime="1701082448047" updateUser="tatiana">
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<mods:title id="15D3E60C6D826BE75D2B528505A7C41C">The genus Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) in the New World: a complete taxonomic revision with a key to species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="191DB22E2C0F080D905812403263CAB3">Lobato-Vila, Irene</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="867806255F73EBFA11C7EF4998CC9FA8">Pujade-Villar, Juli</mods:namePart>
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<heading id="D0E176509538FFFFFDE5FA9C703BFB41" bold="true" box="[151,854,1303,1330]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9538FFFFFDE5FA9C703BFB41" authority="Pujade-Villar &amp; Lobato-Vila, 2017" authorityName="Pujade-Villar &amp; Lobato-Vila in Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,854,1303,1330]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiscapus">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9538FFFFFDE5FA9C703BFB41" bold="true" box="[151,854,1303,1330]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9538FFFFFDE5FA9C72F3FB41" bold="true" box="[151,414,1303,1330]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Synergus longiscapus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9538FFFFFCD4FA9C703BFB41" author="Lobato-Vila, I. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J." box="[422,854,1304,1330]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="1" refId="ref103287" refString="Lobato-Vila, I. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J. (2017) Description of five new species of inquiline oak gall wasps of the genus Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae: Synergini) with partially smooth mesopleurae from Mexico. Zoological Studies, 56 (36), 1 ‾ 28. https: // doi. org / 10.6620 / ZS. 2017.56 - 36" type="journal article" year="2017">Pujade-Villar &amp; Lobato-Vila, 2017</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C30C92B79538FFFFFDE5FAD27076FBFE" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9538FFFFFDE5FAD27076FBFE" blockId="61.[151,1437,1366,1421]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9538FFFFFDE5FAD27747FB1D" authority="Pujade-Villar &amp; Lobato-Vila in Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar (2017)" authorityName="Pujade-Villar &amp; Lobato-Vila in Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,1066,1366,1390]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiscapus">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9538FFFFFDE5FAD2721EFB1D" box="[151,371,1366,1390]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Synergus longiscapus</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B7ECB619538FFFFFC0BFAD27747FB1D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3019422440" box="[377,1066,1366,1390]" collectionCode="UB" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
Pujade-Villar &amp; Lobato-Vila in 
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9538FFFFFFCEFAD27747FB1D" author="Lobato-Vila, I. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J." box="[700,1066,1366,1390]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="1" refId="ref103287" refString="Lobato-Vila, I. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J. (2017) Description of five new species of inquiline oak gall wasps of the genus Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae: Synergini) with partially smooth mesopleurae from Mexico. Zoological Studies, 56 (36), 1 ‾ 28. https: // doi. org / 10.6620 / ZS. 2017.56 - 36" type="journal article" year="2017">Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar (2017)</bibRefCitation>
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. Zool. Stud. 56 (36): 14. Type material: UB (
<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9538FFFFFC55FAF072E8FBFF" box="[295,389,1396,1420]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
), 
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<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9538FFFFFCE4FAF1729AFBFE" box="[406,503,1397,1421]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
in 
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, 
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, and AMNH.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30C92B79538FFFFFDE5FA3071F3FBBD" box="[151,670,1460,1487]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="diagnosis">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9538FFFFFDE5FA307267FBBD" bold="true" box="[151,266,1460,1486]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. See 
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9538FFFFFC3AFA3071F7FBBD" author="Lobato-Vila, I. &amp; Equihua-Martinez, A. &amp; Estrada-Venegas, E. &amp; Cibrian-Tovar, D. &amp; Barrera-Ruiz, U. M. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J." box="[328,666,1460,1487]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref103815" refString="Lobato-Vila, I., Equihua-Martinez, A., Estrada-Venegas, E., Cibrian-Tovar, D., Barrera-Ruiz, U. M. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J. (2020 c) Synergus Hartig species group (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) with partially smooth mesopleurae from the New World. Zootaxa, 4822 (1), 1 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4822.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">
Lobato-Vila 
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9538FFFFFCA4FA31716AFBBD" box="[470,519,1460,1486]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">et al</emphasis>
. (2020c: 23)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30C92B79538FFFFFDB5FA5C7777F865" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9538FFFFFDB5FA5C7777F865" blockId="61.[151,1437,1460,1702]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9538FFFFFDB5FA5C7234FB81" bold="true" box="[199,345,1496,1522]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Distribution</emphasis>
. 
<collectingCountry id="F30181AC9538FFFFFC18FA5C72A9FB81" box="[362,452,1496,1522]" name="Mexico" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Mexico</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingRegion id="49D20FDE9538FFFFFCA3FA5C71C4FB81" box="[465,681,1496,1522]" country="Mexico" name="Distrito Federal" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Ciudad de México</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F30181AC9538FFFFFFC5FA5C7062FB81" box="[695,783,1496,1522]" name="Mexico" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">México</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49D20FDE9538FFFFFE6FFA5C7010FB81" box="[797,893,1496,1522]" country="Mexico" name="Morelos" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Morelos</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49D20FDE9538FFFFFEF9FA5D7771FB81" box="[907,1052,1496,1523]" country="Mexico" name="Nuevo Leon" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Nuevo León</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49D20FDE9538FFFFF958FA5C77ECFB81" box="[1066,1153,1496,1522]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49D20FDE9538FFFFF9FDFA5C779FFB81" box="[1167,1266,1496,1522]" country="Mexico" name="Tlaxcala" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Tlaxcala</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49D20FDE9538FFFFF98DFA5D760BFB80" box="[1279,1382,1497,1523]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
, and 
<collectingRegion id="49D20FDE9538FFFFFDE5FA797268F864" box="[151,261,1533,1559]" country="Mexico" name="Zacatecas" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Zacatecas</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9538FFFFFC66FA7871F5F865" author="Lobato-Vila, I. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J." box="[276,664,1532,1558]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="1" refId="ref103287" refString="Lobato-Vila, I. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J. (2017) Description of five new species of inquiline oak gall wasps of the genus Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae: Synergini) with partially smooth mesopleurae from Mexico. Zoological Studies, 56 (36), 1 ‾ 28. https: // doi. org / 10.6620 / ZS. 2017.56 - 36" type="journal article" year="2017">Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar 2017</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9538FFFFFFD6FA7870D7F865" author="Lobato-Vila, I. &amp; Cibrian-Tovar, D. &amp; Barrera-Ruiz, U. M. &amp; Equihua-Martinez, A. &amp; Estrada-Venegas, E. G. &amp; Tovar-Sanchez, E. &amp; Castillo-Mendoza, E. &amp; Buffington, M. L. &amp; Pujade-Villar J." box="[676,954,1532,1558]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="678 - 715" refId="ref103630" refString="Lobato-Vila, I., Cibrian-Tovar, D., Barrera-Ruiz, U. M., Equihua-Martinez, A., Estrada-Venegas, E. G., Tovar-Sanchez, E., Castillo-Mendoza, E., Buffington, M. L. &amp; Pujade-Villar J. (2020 b) Review of the Synergus Hartig species (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) associated with woolly galls on oaks from the New World, with the description of a new species from Mexico. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 122 (3), 678 - 715. https: // doi. org / 10.4289 / 0013 - 8797.122.3.678" type="journal article" year="2020">
Lobato-Vila 
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9538FFFFFE40FA797007F865" box="[818,874,1532,1558]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">et al.</emphasis>
2020b
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9538FFFFFEB7FA787763F865" author="Lobato-Vila, I. &amp; Equihua-Martinez, A. &amp; Estrada-Venegas, E. &amp; Cibrian-Tovar, D. &amp; Barrera-Ruiz, U. M. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J." box="[965,1038,1532,1558]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref103815" refString="Lobato-Vila, I., Equihua-Martinez, A., Estrada-Venegas, E., Cibrian-Tovar, D., Barrera-Ruiz, U. M. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J. (2020 c) Synergus Hartig species group (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) with partially smooth mesopleurae from the New World. Zootaxa, 4822 (1), 1 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4822.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">2020c</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30C92B79538FFFFFDB5F9A472D8F8D5" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9538FFFFFDB5F9A472D8F8D5" blockId="61.[151,1437,1460,1702]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9538FFFFFDB5F9A4724CF849" bold="true" box="[199,289,1568,1594]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Biology</emphasis>
. Mainly associated with woolly galls initiated by 
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9538FFFFFE35F9A470C1F849" box="[839,940,1568,1594]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9538FFFFFE35F9A470C1F849" box="[839,940,1568,1594]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Andricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but also with other gall morphotypes (never tuberous galls) initiated by 
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9538FFFFFCA1F9C07155F82D" box="[467,568,1604,1630]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9538FFFFFCA1F9C07155F82D" box="[467,568,1604,1630]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Andricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9538FFFFFF3BF9C07055F82D" authority=", Disholcapsis" authorityName="Disholcapsis" box="[585,824,1604,1631]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9538FFFFFF3BF9C071FAF82D" box="[585,663,1604,1630]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Cynips</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9538FFFFFFD5F9C07055F82D" box="[679,824,1604,1630]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Disholcapsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9538FFFFFE3AF9C070C2F82D" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1881" box="[840,943,1604,1630]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Loxaulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9538FFFFFE3AF9C070C2F82D" box="[840,943,1604,1630]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Loxaulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9538FFFFFECDF9C17751F82D" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" box="[959,1084,1605,1630]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9538FFFFFECDF9C17751F82D" box="[959,1084,1605,1630]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Neuroterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and some undetermined small spherical galls on leaves, on oaks of both 
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9538FFFFFF2DF9EC71D0F8F1" box="[607,701,1640,1666]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9538FFFFFF2DF9EC71D0F8F1" box="[607,701,1640,1666]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9538FFFFFF83F9EC7020F8F1" box="[753,845,1640,1666]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Lobatae</emphasis>
sections (
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9538FFFFFECBF9EC7654F8F1" author="Lobato-Vila, I. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J." box="[953,1337,1640,1666]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="1" refId="ref103287" refString="Lobato-Vila, I. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J. (2017) Description of five new species of inquiline oak gall wasps of the genus Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae: Synergini) with partially smooth mesopleurae from Mexico. Zoological Studies, 56 (36), 1 ‾ 28. https: // doi. org / 10.6620 / ZS. 2017.56 - 36" type="journal article" year="2017">Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar 2017</bibRefCitation>
; Lobato-Vila 
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9538FFFFFDBFF9097268F8D5" box="[205,261,1676,1702]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">et al.</emphasis>
2020b, 2020c).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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