Seven new giant pill-millipede species and numerous new records of the genus Zoosphaerium from Madagascar (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Arthrosphaeridae) Author Wesener, Thomas 86DEA7CD-988C-43EC-B9D6-C51000595B47 Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK), Leibniz Institute for Animal Biodiversity, Section Myriapoda, Adenauerallee 160, D- 53113 Bonn, Germany. t.wesener@leibniz-zfmk.de Author Sagorny, Christina 9C89C1B7-897A-426E-8FD4-C747DF004C85 Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK), Leibniz Institute for Animal Biodiversity, Section Myriapoda, Adenauerallee 160, D- 53113 Bonn, Germany. & University of Bonn, Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, D- 53121 Bonn, Germany. csagorny@evolution.uni-bonn.de text European Journal of Taxonomy 2021 2021-07-06 758 1 1 48 http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.758.1423 journal article 10.5852/ejt.2021.758.1423 de9c0c06-0e7d-44a6-a582-d41a346233f6 2118-9773 5075824 01BBC12C-E715-4393-A9F6-6EA85CB1289F Zoosphaerium neptunus (Butler, 1872) Sphaerotherium digitale de Saussure & Zehntner, 1897 : pl. 5 fig. 16. Sphaerotherium pygidiale de Saussure & Zehntner, 1902: 42 . See Wesener & Wägele (2008) for a revision and Wesener (2016) for a complete bibliography. Material examined MADAGASCAR – Antsiranana • 3 ♂♂ ; SAVA, Parc National de Marojejy , 6.5 km NW of Manantenina village ; 14°27′21.2″ S , 49°46′29.8″ E ; alt. 780 m ; disturbed lowland humid forest , pitfalls ; 31 May 2016 ; V. Soarimalala leg.; FMNH-INS 2858681 •> 30 juvs ; Marojejy ; 14°26′ S , 49°45′ E ; alt. 700 m ; 10–17 Nov. 1993 ; NHMD . – Toamasina • 1 ♀ ; Reserve Betampona , Camp Rendrirendry , 34.1 km 332° from Toamasina ; 17°55.26″ S , 049°11.59″ E ; alt. 390 m ; general collecting in camp, rainforest ; 28 Nov. 2005 ; Brian L. Fisher et al. leg.; coll. no. BLF 13126; CASENT 9032818 • 1 ♀ ; Reserve Nationale Integrale Betampona , Betampona , 35.1 km NW of Toamasina ; 17°55.05″ S , 49°12.03″ E ; alt. 500 m ; rainforest, general collecting ; 15–17 Dec. 2007 ; Brian L. Fisher et al. leg.; coll. no. BLF 19514; CASENT 9068298 • 1 ♀ ; Region Atsinanana , Reserve Naturelle Integrale , along Piste Principale (PP); 17°54.8′ S , 49°11.6′ E ; alt. 400–500 m ; in relatively intact lowland humid forest , pitfall 2, bucket 6; 10 Nov. 2015 ; Steven M. Goodman leg.; FMNH-INS SMG-19237 • 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for preceding; by hand; coll. no. SMG-19235; FMNH-INS 2858602 • 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for preceding; pitfall 3, bucket 5; 11 Nov. 2015 ; coll. no. SMG-19246; FMNH-INS 2858597 • 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for preceding; coll. no. SMG-19247; FMNH-INS 2858600 • 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for preceding; pitfall 1; 12 Nov. 2015 ; coll. no. SMG-19255; FMNH-INS 2858599 • 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for preceding; pitfall 3; coll. no. SMG-19256; FMNH-INS 2858604 • 1 ♂ ; same collection data as for preceding; pitfall 2; coll. no. SMG-19254; FMNH-INS 2858593 • 1 ♂ ; same collection data as for preceding; pitfall 1; 13 Nov. 2015 ; coll. no. SMG-19263; FMNH-INS 2858594 • 1 ♂ ; same collection data as for preceding; coll. no. SMG-19264; FMNH-INS 2858591 • 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for preceding; pitfall 3; 15 Nov. 2015 ; coll. no. SMG-19271; FMNH-INS 2858603 • 1 ♀ ; Region Atsinanana , Reserve Naturelle Integrale , along Piste Principale (PP) between 1650 and 2550 m ; 17°54.62′ S , 49°11.70′ E ; alt. 460–520 m ; in undisturbed lowland humid forest, pitfall 4, bucket 8; 17 Nov. 2015 ; Steven M. Goodman leg.; coll. no. SMG-19289; FMNH-INS 2858598 • 1 ♂ ; same collection data as for preceding; bucket 11; coll. no. SMG-19291; FMNH-INS 2858590 • 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for preceding; pitfall 5, bucket 3; coll. no. SMG-19290; FMNH-INS 2858596 • 1 ♂ ; same collection data as for preceding; pitfall 4, bucket 1; 21 Nov. 2015 ; coll. no. SMG-19313; FMNH- INS 2858592 . Remarks We provide further locality information including the lowland forest of Betampona and lowland forests in Marojejy for this relatively widespread species of Zoosphaerium ( Fig. 13A ). The gigantic females of Z. neptunus are currently the largest Sphaerotheriida known, reaching the size of a tennis ball or small orange when rolled up. The juveniles of this species show swarming behavior around Andasibe ( Wesener & Schütte 2010 ), a so far unique behavior for giant pill-millipedes.