Hemipilia galeata (Orchideae, Orchidaceae), a new species from Fujian Province, southeastern China Author Tang, Ying Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China Author Zhu, Xin-Xin College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, Henan, China Author Peng, Hua Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China Author Ma, Jin-Shuang Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China text Phytotaxa 2016 2016-02-04 245 4 271 280 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.245.4.4 journal article 10.11646/phytotaxa.245.4.4 1179-3163 13676903 Hemipilia galeata Y.Tang, X.X.Zhu & H.Peng , sp. nov. ( Figs. 3–5 ) Type :— CHINA . Fujian : Wuyishan City , 250 m , 27°41’ N , 117°57’ E , 18 April 2015 , Tang & Zhu 203 ( holotype : KUN !; isotype : CSH !) . Diagnosis:—Differing from all known species of Hemipilia in having a hemispheric dorsal sepal. Similar to H. hemipilioides , H. occidensichuanensis Tang & Peng in Tang et al. (2015: 96) and H. thailandica (Seidenf. & Thaithong) Tang & Peng in Tang et al. (2015: 96) , from which it can be distinguished by an elliptic, purple-spotted leaf, suborbicular petals, oblong lateral lip lobes and an ovate midlobe ( Table 3 ). Terrestrial, erect herbs, 5–13 cm tall. Tubers ovoid, 4–6 mm long, 3 mm in diameter, neck with few roots. Stem slender, 1 mm in diameter, green with purple markings, with 1 tubular basal sheath. Leaf subbasal, solitary, elliptic, 1.5–3.0 × 0.8–2.2 cm , apex acute, base contracted into amplexicaul sheath, adaxially green with purple markings, rarely uniformly green, abaxially pale green. Inflorescence terminal, 1–13-flowered. Flowers pink and white, not scented. Ovary straight to slightly incurved, cylindrical, 5.0– 9.5 mm long; floral bract connivent to ovary, elliptic to ovate, 2.8–3.0 × 1.8–2.3 mm , apex acuminate; dorsal sepal free, 1-veined, hemispheric, 2.3 × 2.1 mm , apex acute and forming a brim, adaxially white with pink markings; lateral sepals free, spreading, 1-veined, ovate, oblique, concave, 3.1–3.4 × 1.8 mm , apex obtuse, white to pale pink; petals connivent with dorsal sepal and forming a hood, suborbicular, oblique, 2.6 × 2.5 mm , apex obtuse, white above median vein and pink below; labellum spreading, rhomboidal, spurred at base, trilobed above middle; lateral lobes oblong, 2.4–4.2 × 0.7–1.5 mm , apex obtuse, pink; midlobe not divided, obovate, 4.2–5.3 × 2.1–3.3 mm , apex sometimes undulate, pink; disk white with pink markings; spur white, straight to slightly incurved, cylindrical, 5.0– 9.5 mm long, slightly shorter than or equal to ovary, apex slightly bilobed, entrance 1.5–2.0 mm wide, with both a few hairs on abaxial interior surface and purple markings on lateral interior surface near entrance; anther erect, 1.8 mm long, 2-locular, locules parallel and closely spaced, purple; pollinia 2, sectile; caudicles strap-like, 1.1 mm long, transparent; viscidia 2, closely spaced, elliptic, 0.3 × 0.2 mm , transparent, each enclosed within a separate bursicle; bursicles formed by folding of rostellar arms; rostellum median lobe inconspicuous, lateral lobes grooved; stigma ventral, lobes 2, divergent, lamelliform, 0.8 × 0.3 mm , with purple markings at apex and a few hairs at base; auricles 2, stout, 0.6 mm long, each placed laterally at base of anther. FIGURE 3 . Hemipilia galeata . A. Habit. B–D. Flower, front, side and ventral views. E. Dorsal sepal. F. Petal. G. Lateral sepal. H. Labellum. I. Pollinium. J–L. Gynostemium, front, side and ventral views. Drawn by Y. Zhang. Flowering: ––Peaking in late April. Distribution & habitat: —Currently known from a single population, which occurs within a small area on mosscovered Danxia rocks. TABLE 3 . Comparisons among Hemipilia galeata and morphologically similar species.
H. galeata H. hemipilioides H. occidensichuanensis H. thailandica
Numbers of leaves one one one one
Leaf shape elliptic ovate-orbicular to oblong cordate, ovate or elliptic lanceolate-oblong
Leaf color (adaxial) green with purple green with purple green with purple uniformaly green
markings markings markings
Sterile bract (amount) absent present (1–2) absent absent
Dorsal sepal shape hemispheric oblong-ovate suboblong oblong-ovate
Petal shape suborbicular oblong ovate-cymbiform elliptic
Lateral lip lobe shape oblong oblong-quadrate suboblong oblong
Midlobe shape ovate quadrate subsquare broadly ovate-oblong
Spur shape cylindrical and slightly cylindrical cylindrical and slightly cylindrical
bilobed at apex swollen toward apex
Spur length (relative) slightly shorter than or shorter than ovary equal to ovary shorter than ovary
equal to ovary
Etymology: —The epithet refers to the hemispheric, helmet-like dorsal sepal, by which the new species can be readily distinguished. Taxonomic notes: — Hemipilia galeata belongs to H. sect. Hemipilia sensu Tang et al. (2015) . Table 3 provides the detailed comparisons among H. galeata and morphologically similar species. Besides the easily distinguished, hemispheric dorsal sepal ( Fig. 3E ), H. galeata also has a unique set of characteristics: leaf solitary, elliptic, adaxially green with purple-markings; sterile bract absent; petal suborbicular; lateral lip lobes oblong; spur cylindrical, slightly shorter than or equal to ovary. Particularly, H. galeata can be distinguished by suborbicular petals plus an ovate midlobe of the lip from H. hemipilioides , by an elliptic leaf plus oblong lateral lip lobes from H. occidensichuanensis (≡ Ponerorchis limprichtii ), and by a purple-spotted leaf plus suborbicular petals from H. thailandica . The remaining species in H. sect. Hemipilia are easily distinguished from H. galeata . Hemipilia brevicalcarata Finet has a saccate spur, whereas H. galeata has a cylindrical spur. Hemipilia purpureopunctata is characterized by a spur that is contracted near its apex, whereas in H. galeata the spur is slightly bilobed at the apex. Moreover, H. galeata ( Figs. 3J–L , 5A–C ) lacks a protruding, tongue-like rostellum that characterizes the well-circumscribed Hemipilia s.s. species. FIGURE 4 . Habitat and morphology of Hemipilia galeata . A, C, E, F, H, I: photographed by X.-X. Zhu. B, D, G: photographed by Y. Tang. FIGURE 5 . Gynostemium morphology of Hemipilia galeata . A. Front view of gynostemium. B. Side view of gynostemium. C. Ventral view of gynostemium. D. Front view of pollinium. Abbreviations: an, anther; au, auricle; bur, bursicle; ro l , lateral rostellum lobe; stg, stigma; sp, spur; mas, massulae; cau, caudicle; vi, viscidium. Scale bar, 1 mm .