Three new free-living marine nematode species of Subsphaerolaimus Lorenzen, 1978, Halichoanolaimus de Man, 1886 and Belbolla Andrássy, 1973 from mangrove wetlands in Taiwan Author Xiao, Yueping 0000-0002-9177-0144 State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College of Jimei University Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China guoyuqing @ jmu. edu. cn; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9177 - 0144 & https: // orcid. org / 0009 - 0001 - 3569 - 3068 guoyuqing@jmu.edu.cn Author Guo, Yuqing 0000-0002-9177-0144 State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College of Jimei University Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China guoyuqing @ jmu. edu. cn; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9177 - 0144 guoyuqing@jmu.edu.cn text Zootaxa 2023 2023-11-02 5361 3 301 322 https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5361.3.1/52193 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.5361.3.1 1175-5326 10146950 2AF3B0AE-C2E4-41D5-9C61-3A688B9D5FCD Morphological description of Halichoanolaimus sicaoensis sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 68187F8A-72A6-4E33-9EBF-010A5F374658 ( Figures 4–5 , Table 3 ) Type material. Two males and six females were collected from stations SCH1 and SCM 1 in February 2021 . Holotype : ♁1 on slide number SC20210217 M11. Paratypes : ♁2 on slide number SC20210217 1M122, ♀ 1 on slide numbers SC20210217 1H11, ♀ 2–5 on slide number SC20210217 1H121 and ♀ 6 on slide number SC20210217 1M122. FIGURE 4. Halichoanolaimus sicaoensis sp. nov. A: Lateral view of the male anterior part; B: Lateral view of the female anterior part; C: Lateral view of the male head part; D: Lateral view of the male posterior part; E: Spicule of the male; F: Lateral view of the female posterior part; G: Lateral view of the female reproductive system. Scale bars: A, B, D, F = 25 μm; C, E = 10 μm; G = 50 μm. FIGURE 5. Halichoanolaimus sicaoensis sp. nov. A: Lateral view of the male anterior part; B: Lateral view of the female anterior part; C: Lateral view of the male head part; D: Buccal cavity of the male; E: Amphid of the male; F: Amphid of the female; G: Lateral view of the male posterior part; H: Lateral view of the female posterior part; I: Spicule of the male; J: Cuticle of the male; K: Lateral view of the female reproductive system. Scale bars: A, B, G, H = 25 μm; K = 10 μm; C, D, E, F, I, J = 50 μm. TABLE 3. Individual measurements and morphological statistics of Halichoanolaimus sicaoensis sp. nov. (in μm).

Characteristics	Holotype ♁1	♁2	♀1	Paratypes ♀2 ♀3		♀4	♀5	♀6
Body length	2285	2041	1937	1830	2459	1735	2239	2434
Head diameter	50	44	43	34	44	29	43	40
Anterior of buccal cavity (Height×Width)	22×34	19×28	26×35	19×18	24×33	17×19	24×32	24×25
Posterior of buccal cavity (Height×Width)	19×31	17×23	22×32	16×13	21×30	13×17	19×23	21×19
Buccal cavity length	39	36	49	35	45	30	42	44
Amphid from anterior end	16	15	16	13	16	13	15	16
Amphid (Height×Width)	10×14	10×14	11×14	8×11	10×13	9×12	11×13	11×13
Amphid body diameter	60	52	64	42	61	46	61	52
Nerve ring from the anterior end	138	118	138	130	168	155	155	163
Nerve ring body diameter	78	72	87	62	82	69	82	73
Pharynx length	279	250	286	268	317	249	262	327
Pharynx body diameter	86	73	85	62	100	74	82	78
Maximum body diameter	88	85	89	68	106	81	94	101
Anal body diameter	64	53	50	49	55	49	63	53
Tail length	258	264	222	209	262	202	306	277
c’	4.0	4.9	4.5	4.3	4.8	4.1	4.9	5.3
Spicule length as arc	79	79	-	-	-	-	-	-
Spicule length as chord	66	66	-	-	-	-	-	-
Gubernaculum length	45	47	-	-	-	-	-	-
Number of supplements	13	14	-	-	-	-	-	-
Supplements length	105	148	-	-	-	-	-	-
Distance to the vulva from the anterior end of the body	-	-	895	895	1103	733	1128	1179
Vulval body diameter	-	-	88	65	90	78	87	87
V%	-	-	46	49	45	42	50	48
a	25.9	24.2	21.8	26.9	23.3	21.5	24.0	24.2
b	8.2	8.2	6.8	6.8	7.8	7	8.6	7.4
c	8.9	7.7	8.7	8.8	9.4	8.6	7.3	8.8

Type locality and habitat. All specimens were collected from a mangrove ( Avicennia marina ) forest in the Sicao wetlands, Tainan City, Taiwan . Station SC : 120°8'7.08″– 120°8'18.24″E , 23°0'4.68″– 23°1' 14.16″N . Etymology. Species epithet refers to the type locality: Sicao.