Dentalion (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Entedoninae) a new genus from tropical America with eleven new species Author Hansson, Christer text Zootaxa 2011 2811 1 21 journal article 10.5281/zenodo.207919 9ac3fc1a-5928-4b60-94ee-3af7123e8635 1175-5326 207919 Dentalion Hansson gen. nov. Type species : Dentalion pinguicornis sp. nov. , designated here. Etymology. Named for the tooth on the medioventral part of the hind femora, from the Latin dentis = tooth. The gender is neuter. Diagnosis. Frontal suture V-shaped in a narrow angle (usually 35–60°), and reaching eyes high up on frons (e.g. Figs 6 , 10 , 14 ); antennal scrobes wide and indistinctly delimited (e.g. Figs 2 , 6 , 10 ); lateral panels of metanotum divided into two about equal-sized parts by a longitudinal carina ( Fig. 48 ); hind femur with a tooth medioventrally ( Fig. 49 ); postmarginal vein always longer (1.3–3.0X) than stigmal vein. Description. Female flagellum with a 2-segmented clava (e.g. Figs 56–58 ), in male with all 5 flagellomeres distinctly separated ( Figs 60, 64, 67 ); male flagellomeres with scattered setae; male scape slightly wider than in female (Figs, 60, 64, 67), with ventral sense area present along entire scape; sensilla ampullacea globular, symmetric ( type I sensu Hansson (1990)) , present on all flagellomeres. Antenna with discoid anelli. Mandibles with three large teeth at apex. Clypeus not delimited. Malar sulcus missing, sometimes indicated by fine small meshed reticulation. Frontal suture V-shaped in a narrow angle, usually 35–60° (e.g. Figs 6 , 10 , 14 ) but in one species 85° ( Fig. 2 ). Antennal scrobes joining frontal suture separately (e.g. Figs 6 , 10 , 14 ). Occipital margin rounded; occiput without a median fold or groove between occipital margin and occipital foramen. Pronotum usually without transverse carina close to posterior margin (e.g. Figs 21 , 24 , 28 ), but in one species with a weak carina ( Fig. 7 ). Midlobe of mesoscutum with 2 pairs of setae; notauli distinct and narrow in anterior 1/ 3, in posterior 2/3 either not visible ( Fig. 44 ), or as indistinct impressions ( Fig. 28 ), or as distinct wide grooves ( Fig. 7 ), or as rows of foveae ( Fig. 4 ). Scutellum with 1 or 2 pairs of setae (e.g. Figs 7 , 11 ). Transepimeral sulcus wide and curved in a 90° angle ( Fig. 47 ). Dorsellum visible in dorsal view, with strong sculpture. Lateral panels of metanotum divided into two about equal-sized parts by a longitudinal carina ( Fig. 48 ). Forewing with postmarginal vein 1.3–3.0X as long as stigmal vein; speculum usually closed below ( Fig. 53 ), but open in one species ( Fig. 52 ). Propodeum usually smooth or with irregular carinae in median part (e.g. Figs 5 , 8 , 18 ), but in one species with a complete median carina, plicae and costulae ( Fig. 41 ); propodeal callus with 2–7 setae. Petiole 0.2–1.8X as long as wide, but usually distinctly transverse, smooth and shiny. Male genitalia as in most other entedonine genera ( Hansson 1996 ), i.e. phallobase with two equally large digital spines, volsellar setae as “normal” thin setae, parameres not protruding. Distribution. Brazil , Costa Rica , Ecuador , Trinidad & Tobago . Biology. Unknown. Identification. Dentalion is a member of the Entedoninae , as indicated by the following combination of characters: submarginal vein with 2 setae on dorsal surface; forewing with a distinct break between submarginal and marginal veins; scutellum without sublateral grooves; flagellum with five large flagellomeres. In the key to Nearctic genera of Eulophidae by Schauff et al. (1997) , Dentalion can be separated from all other genera by the presence of a ventral dent on the hind femur ( Fig. 49 ). Another option for identification is to use the matrix key to the Neotropical genera of Entedoninae on the website http://www.neotropicaleulophidae.com/, where also colour illustrations for each species are included. Putative autapomorphies. Hind femur with a ventral dent ( Fig. 49 ). Some species of Pleurotroppopsis Girault (e.g. P. podagrica (Waterston)) have a row of teeth along the ventral margin of hind femur, which is a different character state from the single tooth in Dentalion . Frontal suture V-shaped in a narrow angle, 35–60°, and reaching eyes high up on frons, in level with a distance of 1.5X the diameter of one ocellus in front of anterior ocellus ( Fig. 2 ) or behind this level ( Figs 6 , 10 , 14 , 19 , 23 , 27 , 31 , 35 , 39 , 43 ). Other apomorphies, present also in other genera of Entedoninae . L ateral panels of metanotum divided into two about equal-sized parts by a longitudinal carina ( Fig. 48 ); also present in Emersonella ( Hansson 2002 ) . Antennal multiporous plate sensilla with upper surface concave ( Fig. 50 ); also present in Microdonophagus Schauff ( Hansson 2009b ) and Inti Hansson (Hansson 2010) . Discussion. Dentalion is defined by two autapomorphies, and possess two additional apomorphies that also occur in other genera of Entedoninae . The longitudinal carina on the lateral panels of the metanotum occurs only in one other entedonine genus, Emersonella , which indicates a sister-group relationship for these two genera. Dentalion and Emersonella do not share other apomorphies, but Emersonella is characterized by six additional apomorphies ( Hansson 2002 ) and Dentalion by two autapomorphies. The derived state of the antennal sensilla having a concave upper surface is a putative homoplasy. Apart from occurring in Dentalion , this sensillar state also occurs in two other entedonine genera, Microdonophagus and Inti , and these two genera are not closely related ( Hansson 2010 ), clearly indicating that this character state has evolved at least twice. Dentalion does not share other apomorphies with either Microdonophagus or Inti .