Systematic revision of the Andean butterfly genus Orophila Staudinger, 1886 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Biblidinae) Author Zubek, Anna Author Pyrcz, Tomasz Author Lorenc-Brudecka, Jadwiga Author Boyer, Pierre Author Cerdeña, Jose Author Mahecha-Jiménez, Oscar Author Huertas, Blanca text Zootaxa 2017 4258 5 443 461 journal article 33125 10.11646/zootaxa.4258.5.3 31fc11cb-e4a0-4587-8312-300525996a24 1175-5326 570422 D59801DA-B5AD-42EA-9114-BE398CC84864 Orophila cecidas stat. rest. ( Hewitson, 1869 ) ( Fig. 1 C, G) Cybdelis cecidas Hewitson, 1869 : 92 , pl. 45, fig. 26, 27. Type locality: Ecuador. Syntypes (4) male, NHMUK [examined]. = Callicore ?? laxis Guenee, 1917: 34 –35. Type locality: Peru. Type in MNHN [not examined]. = Perisama cecidas yurapa Fruhstorfer, 1916 : 97 . Type locality: Pozuzo, Peru (In text: "Pozzuzo" missp.) Syntypes (3) male, NHMUK [examined]. Myscelia cecida (Hewitson) ; Kirby, 1871 : 202 . (misspelling) Cybdelis cecidas (Hewitson) ; Kirby, 1879 : 75 . Orophila cecida (Hewitson) ; Staudinger, 1886 : 112 . (misspelling) Perisama laxis Guenee ; Röber, 1915 : 500 . Perisama cecidas (Hewitson) ; Oberthür, 1916 : 100 ; d'Abrera, 1987 : 565 , 565, 4 figs; Lewis, 1987: 226, pl. 40, fig 6. Perisama cecidas yurapa Fruhstorfer ; Röber, 1924 : 1034 Odontosama cecidas (Hewitson) ; Aurivillius, 1929: 161. Perisama diotima (Hewitson) ; d'Abrera, 2001 : 178 , pl. 103, fig. 4,5. Orophila diotima cecidas (Hewitson) ; Lamas, 2004 : 246 . Diagnostic characters. Metallic blue rays on DF generally reach as far as the cell CuA1–CuA2. DH uniformly brown with conspicuous ashen-blue marginal band or various width. Basal red patch on VF large, and uniform, covering more than a half of the wing surface, always covers the basal part of CuA1–CuA2, a well as the CuA2–2A, generally touching the 2A vein. Redescription. MALE ( Fig. 1 C): Head, thorax, abdomen and wing shape as in the general description. Wings: FW length: 19–23 mm (n=79) DF: ground colour blackish brown, small diffuse white subapical mark, two or three dark blue metallic rays in the basal area, the thicker one stretching along the M3 covers the base of CuA1–CuA2, a set of five irregular spots in postmedian area: smaller ones in R5–M1, M1–M2, and M2–M3, and two larger ones in M3–CuA1 and CuA1–CuA2, fringe brown, with creamy-white scraps between the veins; DH: almost uniform, blackish-brown, with long, hair-like scales covering the basal half of the wing; ashen-blue submarginal band of various thickness ( 1–6 mm ) ( Fig. 4 ). VF: basal part ground colour blackish brown, getting lighter towards the anal margin; apical triangle light brown, divided in two differently shaded parts by a thin, wavy, dark brown submarginal line, the marginal part darker in shade; small, white spot in at the median part of the costa; irregular and faint white shading at the ground colour meets the brighter apical triangle; basal red patch always very conspicuous and well-formed, uniform in colour, always covering over the half of the wing surface, including the wing base, the veins, and the whole area between CuA2–2A; marginal line brownish-red, generally reaching CuA2. VH: ground colour patchy, pale brown, reddish– brown and grey, varying in shade throughout the wing surface; marginal line thin and red; submarginal line red with white accents on distal side, with a series of semicircular curves; marginal area usually uniformly brown; postdiscal line dark brown, irregularly wavy and noncontinuous; costal area with red and white marking at the base and pale brown marking between postdiscal and submarginal lines with a small, round, dark pot in the middle; various irregular spots and patches in discal and submarginal area. MALE GENITALIA: as in the general description, except for hypandrium: fork strongly sclerotized, with a Wshaped distal end; both inner and outer tips sharp, pronounced, claw-shaped (however, the tips tend to brake of, giving the false impression of a great variety of hypandrium shapes; thin, long very easily-detaching spines in the space between the fork tips; collar thin, only slightly longer than body, smoothly widening at both ends; body triangular, slightly shorter and twice wider than the collar, with almost straight proximal margin. FIGURE 4. Individual variation in submarginal band width in male specimens of Orophila cecidas , dorsal wing surface. FEMALE ( Fig. 1 G): differs from male in: DF discal metallic blue rays reduced, larger and paler median blue markings; absence of DH submarginal ashen-blue band; ventral pattern same as in males. FEMALE GENITALIA: papillae anales sclerotized interiorly, thin apophyses, shorter than the width of the papillae, with club-shaped tips, ostium bursae wide and irregularly shaped; distal half of ductus bursae sclerotized, followed by a longer and wider, not sclerotized part, opening smoothly into the corpus bursae; signa in a form of two small sclerotized dots, corpus bursae oval, as long as ductus bursae lamella antevaginalis expanded into a large pleated lobe, widening proximally, longer than the sclerotized part of the ductus. Remarks. Male genitalia of O. cecidas stat. rest. differs remarkably from O. diotima , therefore, they should be considered as two different species. Type material. NHMUK: Syntype #1 ♂ of Cybdelis cecidas : SYN-/TYPE // Ecuador./Hewitson Coll./79–69./ Cybdelis / cecidas .1. // Equa // BMNH(E) 1718859 // SYNTYPE ♂/ Cybdelis cecidas ( Hewitson, 1869 ) /Det. Zubek & Huertas, 2016; Syntype #2 ♂ of Cybdelis cecidas : SYN-/TYPE // Ecuador./Hewitson Coll./79–69./ Cybdelis / cecidas .2. // Equa // Orophila / calamis Hew. /107 H17 // BMNH(E) 1718857 // SYNTYPE ♂ / Cybdelis cecidas ( Hewitson, 1869 ) /Det. Zubek & Huertas, 2016; Syntype #3 ♂ of Cybdelis cecidas ( Fig. 2 F): SYN-/TYPE // Type / / Ecuador/Hewitson Coll./79–69./ Cybdelis cecidas .3. // Equa // B.M. TYPE/No. Rh. 9353/ Cybdelis cecidas /♂ Hew. // BMNH(E) 1670027 // SYNTYPE ♂/ Cybdelis cecidas ( Hewitson, 1869 ) /Det. Zubek & Huertas, 2016; Syntype #4 ♂ of Cybdelis cecidas : SYN-/TYPE // Ecuador./Hewitson Coll./79–69./ Cybdelis / cecidas .4. // Equa // BMNH(E) 1718858 // SYNTYPE ♂/ Cybdelis cecidas ( Hewitson, 1869 ) /Det. Zubek & Huertas, 2016. Syntype #1 ♂ of Perisama cecidas yurapa ( Fig. 2 G): SYN-/TYPE // Peru/Pozuzo/H. Fruhstorfer // Fruhstorfer Coll./B.M. 1937–285. // BMNH(E) 1718775 // SYNTYPE ♂/ Perisama cecidas yurapa ( Fruhstorfer, 1916 ) /Det. Zubek & Huertas, 2016; Syntype #2 ♂ of Perisama cecidas yurapa : SYN-/TYPE // Peru/Pozuzo/H. Fruhstorfer // cecidas /yurapa–Fruhst. // Fruhstorfer Coll./B M. 1937-285. // BMNH(E) 1718776 // SYNTYPE ♂/ Perisama cecidas yurapa ( Fruhstorfer, 1916 ) /Det. Zubek & Huertas, 2016; Syntype #3 ♂ of Perisama cecidas yurapa , SYN- /TYPE // Type // Type // Peru/Pozuzo/H. Fruhstorfer // cecidas /yurapa Fr. // Fruhstorfer Coll./ B.M. 1937-285. // BMNH(E) 1670025 // SYNTYPE ♂/ Perisama cecidas yurapa ( Fruhstorfer, 1916 ) /Det. Zubek & Huertas, 2016. Examined material. NHMUK : PERU : 6♂ : Dept. Huánuco , Pozuzo, W. Hoffmanns leg. ; 5♂ : same data but 800–1000 m .; 2♂ : same data but 1900 m ; 2♂ : Chanchamayo , 1912, O. Schunke leg. ; 2♂: Chanchamayo, I–VIII. 0 1, Hoffmann leg. ; 2♂: Chanchamayo, Schunke leg. ; 1♂ : Chanchamayo , La Merced , XI.1904 , O. Schunke leg. ; 2♂ : San Ramón , 3000 ft ., X.03 , Watkins & Tomlinson leg. ; 2♂ : Prov. Huánuco , Cushi , 1900 m , W. Hoffmanns leg. ; 1♂ : Prov. Huánuco , Cushi , 1820 m , 1904, W. Hoffmanns leg. ; 3♂ : Dept. Amazonas , Chachapoyas , 1889, M. de Mathan leg. ; 8♂ : Huayabamba R. , S. E. of Chachapoyas , 3500 ft ., O. T. Baron leg. ; 2♂ : Rio Colorado , 2500 ft ., X.03. Watkins & Tomlinson leg. ; 4♂: Upp. R. Toro, La Merced. VIII–IX.01 , Simmons leg. ; 1♂: Utcuyacu C., 5000 ft . XI–XII.19 , C. Watkins leg. ; 5♂ : western slopes of Andes, N. Peru , 10000 ft ., june, PRATT. 1912–1916 ; 3♂: Huancabamba, 6000–10000 ft ., 1903; 6♂ : Huancabamba , Cerro de Pasco , 6000–10000 ft ., Bottger leg. ; 2♂ : same data but 6000 ft ., I.05 , E. Boettger leg. ; 1♂ : Huancabamba , Junín , 5000 ft ., VIII.1905 , Boettger leg. ; 3♂: Huancabamba, Cerro de Pasco, E. Boettger leg. ; 2♂ : Rio Colorado , 2500 ft ., IX–X.03 , Watkins & Tomlinson leg. ; 2♂ : Tambillo , 30.IX.1877 , J. Stolzmann ; 1♂ : Rio Chanchamayo ; 2♂: Amagnata; 1♂ : Palea to Huacapistana 2000–3000 m , Simons leg. ; 1♂ : Pozuzo , 800 m , IV.07 ; 1♂: Lima, Druce coll.; 1♂ : Pozuzu , Huánuco , 800–1000 m , W. Hoffmanns leg. ; 1♂ : Chanchamayo , La Merced XI.1904 , O. Schunke leg. ; 1♂: no data, Fruhstorfer coll.; 4♂: no data; 1♂: no data, Druce coll.; 1♂: N. Peru, Krause, Bates coll.; ECUADOR : 8♂ : Zamora , 3000–4000 ft ., O.T. Baron leg. ; 1♂: Gualaquiza; 1♂ : Loja , XII.1892 , P. Dongin leg. ; COLOMBIA : 2♂ : no data (mislabeled) . MZUJ : PERU : 1♂ : Amazonas , Alto Rio Nieva , 2400 m , 2003, T. Pyrcz leg. ; 1♂ : Chachapoyas , Molinopampa , 2300 m , IX.2002 , B. Calderon leg. ; 1♂ : same data, prep. genit. 72/ A. Zubek , 09.XI.2012 ; 1♂ : Amazonas , Llanuhuayco , Amazonas , 07.IX.1998 , 1♂ : Amazonas , La María , 2002, B. Calderon leg. ; 1♂ : Amazonas , Molinopampa , El Tingo , 2450–2500 m , 23–24.VI.1998 , T. Pyrcz leg. ; 1♂ : Amazonas , Molinopampa , Tingo– Ocól , 2400–2500 m , 20–30.VI.1998 , T. Pyrcz leg. ; 1♂ : Amazonas , Molinopampa , transect, 2650–3250 m , 06.VII.1998 , T. Pyrcz leg. ; 1♀ : same data, prep. genit. 99/ A. Zubek , 25.IV.2013 ; 6♂ : Amazonas , Pomacochas , 2200 m , 18.VIII.1998 , T. Pyrcz leg. ; 3♂ : Amazonas , Rodriguez de Mendoza , X.2002 , B. Calderon leg. ; 1♂ : same data but XI.2002 ; 6♂ : same data but II.2002 ; 1♂ : same data but 1400 m , IX.2002 ; 1♂ : Amazonas , Rodriguez de Mendoza , Cerdo , 1600–2000 m , II.2002 , B. Calderon leg. ; 1♂: Amazonas, Rodriguez de Mendoza, La Orilla, B. Calderon leg. ; 1♂ : Amazonas , Rodriguez de Mendoza , Quebrada Hingilpata , 1600–1800 m , 12.IX.1998 , B. Calderon leg ; 4♂ : Amazonas , Rodriguez de Mendoza , Quebrada Llanohuaico , 1800–2000 m , 06–19.X.1998 ; 1♂ : same data but 10.IX.1998 ; 1♂ : Ayacucho , Abra Tapuna vers San Francisco km 40,1600 m, 22.V.2005 , P. Boyer leg. ; 1♂ : Ayacucho , Tutumbaro , Abra Tapuna vers San Francisco km 38, 1750 m , 22.V.2005 ; P. Boyer leg. , prep. genit. 104/ A. Zubek , 25.IV.2013 ; 1♂ : Cajamarca , La Florida , 1200–1700 m , 10.X.2002 , T. Pyrcz leg. , prep. genit. 107/ A. Zubek , 25.IV.2013 ; 1♂ : Cajamarca , La Florida via Hacienda Udima , 1200–1700 m , 31.IX.2013 , prep. genit. 82/ A. Zubek , 27.III.2013 ; 2♂ : same data but 01.IX.2002 ; 1♂ : same data, prep. genit. 100/ A. Zubek , 25.IV.2013 ; 2♂ : Huánuco , Acomayo , Carpish , 2700–2800 m , 23.VII.2002 , T. Pyrcz leg. , 1♂ : same data, prep. genit. 83/ A. Zubek , 27.III.2013 ; 1♂ : Huánuco , Carpish , 2002, B. Calderon leg. ; 3♂ : Huánuco , Quebrada Ramospampa , 2850 m , 31.VIII.2002 , J. & T. Pyrcz leg. ; 1♂ : Junín , Chanchamayo , Monobamba , 1600 m , 01.III.2003 , T. Pyrcz leg. ; 1♂ : same data, prep. genit. 84/ A. Zubek , 27.III.2013 ; 1♂ : Junín , Chanchamayo , Quebrada 7 Jeringas , 1700 m , 05.X.2002 , T. Pyrcz leg. , prep. genit. 100/ A. Zubek , 25.IV.2013 ; 1♂ : Junín , Malambo , 2600, 01.II.2003 ; 2♂ : Junín , Rio Chanchamayo , Quebrada La Lora , 1400–1450 , 02.VI.2002 , T. Pyrcz leg. ; 1♂ : same data but 1450 m , prep. genit. 102/ A. Zubek , 25.IV.2013 ; 1♂ : San Martin , Jorge Chavez via Nueva Cajamarca , 1400–1500 m , 06.VIII.2009 , M. Tafur leg. ; ECUADOR : 1♂ : Azuay , Gualaceo–Limon (East), 2200, 31.VIII.2003 , J. Wojtusiak leg. ; 1♂ : Loja , Cordillera Lagunillas , San Andres , 2000–2600 m , 20.V.1998 , A. Jasiński leg. , prep. genit. 76/ A. Zubek , 20.03.2013 ; 1♂ : same data ; 3♂ : Morona–Santiago , Gualaceo–Limon , via Las Chacras , 2200–2250 m , 31.0 8.2003, T. Pyrcz leg. ; 1♂ : same data but prep. genit. 97/ A. Zubek , 25.04.2013 ; 1♂ : Morona–Santiago , Sigsig via Chiguinda , 2900 m , 19.IX.2004 , J. Wojtusiak leg. , prep. genit. 80/ A. Zubek , 25.03.2013 ; 1♂ : Zamora Chinchipe , Loja – Zamora , El Tambo , 1500–1600 m , 10.1997, I. Aldas leg. , prep. genit. 85/ A. Zubek , 25.04.2013 ; 6♂ : Zamora Chinchipe , San Andres , 2000–2200, A. Jasiński leg. ; 4♂ : Zamora Chinchipe , San Andres – Calderon , 2000–2600 m , 20.V.1998 , A. Jasiński leg. ; 1♂ : Zamora Chinchipe , Valladolid N , 2500–2700 m , 24.IV.1997 , A. Jasiński leg. ; PBF : PERU : 4♂ : Amazonas , Pomacochas , 10–18.V.2000 , P. Boyer leg. ; 1♂ : same data but 26.VI.2000 ; 1♂ : Amazonas , Rodriguez de Mendoza , 10.XI.1996 , P. Boyer leg. ; 1♂ : same data but 1999 ; 3♂ : Ayacucho , Abra Tapuna vers San Francisco km 14, 2900 m , 21.V.2005 , P. Boyer leg. ; 1♂ : Ayacucho , Ayna , San Francisco vers Abra Tapuna , 1400 m , 23.V.2005 , P. Boyer leg. ; 1♂ : Ayacucho , Tutumbaro , Abra Tapuna vers San Francisco km 38, 1750 m , 22.V.2005 , P. Boyer leg. ; 2♂ : Huánuco , Pachachupán vers Huanacaure km 39, 2600 m , 23.X.2006 , P. Boyer leg. ; 2♂ : Huánuco , Tingo María , XI.1958 ; 1♂ : Junín , Pampa Hermosa , San Ramon , 1200–1400, 28.I.2003 , P. Boyer leg. ; 1♂ : Junín , Satipo vers Concepcion km 38, 02.XI.2006 , P. Boyer leg. ; 1♂ : Junín , Uchubamba vers San Ramon , 1600–1700 m , 07.II.2003 , P. Boyer leg. ; 1♂ : Pasco , Oxapampa , 1900–2500 m , 09.XII. 2003 , P. Boyer leg. ; ECUADOR : 1♂ : Zamora Chinchipe , Loja vers Zamora , VIII.1998 ; 1♂ : Zamora Chinchipe , Loja vers Zamora km 30, 1800m , 20.II.1996 , P. Boyer leg. Immature stages and biology. Unknown.