Systematic revision of the Plectopylinae (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Plectopylidae) Author Páll-Gergely, Barna 31E196E9-5A51-4295-9A36-D5DA689502B7 Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Herman Ottó Street 15, Budapest, H- 1022, Hungary. pall-gergely.barna@agrar.mta.hu text European Journal of Taxonomy 2018 2018-08-16 455 1 114 journal article 22297 10.5852/ejt.2018.455 44a2fcf6-cc1b-4c07-9554-dd6dd279a76d 3817707 C445E95B-446A-4601-AAA3-C1CCBAB627F9 Plectopylis cairnsi Gude, 1898 Figs 34 B–C, 35D–F, 38C–D, 39 Plectopylis cairnsi Gude 1898g : 171 . fig. 90 a–g [“possibly Burma ”]. Plectopylis ( Plectopylis ) cairnsi – Gude 1899d: 148 ; 1899e: 175 ; 1914b: 129–130 , fig. 64a–g. Plectopylis achatina – Boonngam et al. 2008: 259 , fig. 2. Diagnosis A large, sinistral species with an apertural fold that is not in contact with the lambda-complex. Material examined Holotype MYANMAR : 1 shell, holotype , Burma ? ( NHMUK 1922.8.29.47). Additional material THAILAND : 14 shells, Krabi Province , Limestone Ridge on E side of Highway 4.9 km NW of Krabi , 8°11′ N , 98°51′ E , 40 m a.s.l., 25 Sept. 1985 , F.G. Thompson leg. ( UF 76744); 3 shells, same data as for preceding ( HNHM 97479); 16 specimens (preserved in ethanol), same data as for preceding ( UF 76457); 7 shells, Krabi Province , S side of Limestone Ridge, 6.4 km ENE of Ban Chong Phli, 8°05′ N , 98°51′ E , 26 Sep. 1985 , F.G. Thompson leg. ( UF 76787); 197 shells, Krabi Province , Limestone Ridge 6 km Ne, 2.5 km N of Krabi , 8°07′ N , 98°56′ E , 100 m a.s.l., 26 Sep. 1985 , F.G. Thompson leg. ( UF 76761); 20 specimens (preserved in ethanol: two of them, PL011 and PL012, used for molecular study) ( UF 76467); 6 shells (mixed sample with P. thompsoni sp. nov. ), Krabi Province , 10 km NE of Ao Luk, 8°29′ N , 98°49′ E , 30 Sep. 1985 , F.G. Thompson leg. ( UF 77252); 2 specimens (preserved in ethanol: PL015 and PL016 used for molecular study), same data as for preceding ( UF 77252); 2 shells, Krabi Province , limestone knoll on the W side of Highway 401, 2.2 km N of Ban Ao Luk Nua, 8°25′ N , 98°44′ E , 25 Sep. 1985 , F.G. Thompson leg. ( UF 76723); 3 shells, Krabi Province , Wat Tham Sua, Nation Valley, Mar. 2000 , J. and Ch. Hemmen leg. (coll. PGB ); 3 shells, Krabi Province , ca 2.5 km W of Nong Khon, road nr 4033 (NW of Krabi ), Oct. 1999 , J. and Ch. Hemmen leg. ( HNHM 97480); 12 shells, same data as for preceding (coll. PGB ); 3 shells, Krabi Province , ca 0.3 km SE of Bau Chong Phili (NW of Krabi ), Oct. 1999 , J. and Ch. Hemmen leg. (coll. PGB ); 5 shells, Krabi Province , off Km 117.6, road # 4 (Phang Nga–Krabi), 1.5 km on unpaved road, 8°09.574′ N , 98°51.761′ E , Sep. 2000 , J. and Ch. Hemmen leg. (coll. PGB ); 5 shells, Krabi Province , Khao Phung Cave Forest Park (ca 20 km N of Krabi ), 3 Mar. 2000 , J. and Ch. Hemmen leg. (coll. PGB ); 2 shells, Krabi Province , left side off Km 23, # no. 4, Phang Nga- Krabi , Mar. 2000 , J. and Ch. Hemmen leg.(coll. PGB ); 10 shells, Krabi Province , WNW of Amphoe Khao Phanom (from rd # 4037 to rd # 4) limestone hill at left side, 8°22.711′ N , 98°56.183′ E , J. and Ch. Hemmen leg. (coll. PGB ); 6 shells, Krabi Province , ca 6 km N of Ban Nai Sa (NW of Krabi ), Mar. 2000 , J. and Ch. Hemmen leg. (coll. PGB ); 3 shells, Krabi Province , Kao Klom, (NW of Krabi ), Oct. 1999 , J. and Ch. Hemmen leg. (coll. PGB ); 2 shells, Krabi Province , canyon ca 1.3 km W of road # 4, direction to old town of Ao Luk ( Krabi to Phang Nga ), 8°22.382′ N , 98°44.043′ E , J. and Ch. Hemmen leg. (coll. PGB ); 6 shells, Krabi Province , limestone hill, left side off Km 112 road # 4 ( Krabi–Phang Nga ), 8°05.758′ N , 98°52.106′ E , 22 Oct. 2000 , J. and Ch. Hemmen leg. (coll. PGB ); 7 shells, Krabi Province , Wat Tham Sua, Nation Valley (near Krabi ), 8°07.691′ N , 98°55.678′ E , Oct. 2000 , J. and Ch. Hemmen leg. (coll. PGB ); 7 shells, Krabi Province , North of Krabi , Tiger Cave Temple, Wort Tham Sena, 8°07′36.15″ N , 98°55′26.65″ E , Sep. 2007 , A. Reischütz leg. (coll. REI ); 1 shell, 1 damaged shell, (coll. PGB ); 2 shells, Tiger Cave, Krabi (coll. PGB ) (ex coll. K. Okubo); 9 shells, 4 tissue samples, 4 specimens in ethanol, Phangnga , Ao Nang, N side of cliff, 8°1.93′ N , 98°50.28′ E , 70 m a.s.l., 26 Jul. 2010 , B. Hausdorf leg. ( ZMH 51951); 4 shells, 2 tissue samples, 3 specimens in ethanol, Krabi , Ban Chong Mai Kaeow, N of Ao Luek Nuea, calcareous rocks, 8°24.87′ N , 98°44.22′ E , 60 m a.s.l., 31 Jul. 2010 , B. Hausdorf leg. ( ZMH 51964); 1 shell, Krabi , Phanom Benja National Park, Huai To waterfall and surrounding forest, 8°14.35′ N , 98°54.87′ E , 120 m a.s.l., 28 Jul. 2010 , B. Hausdorf leg. ( ZMH 51992); 3 shells, Krabi , Thap Prik, calcareous rocks N of, 8°10.75′ N , 98°52.45′ E , 60 m a.s.l., 28 Jul. 2010 , B. Hausdorf leg. ( ZMH 79010); 3 shells, Southern Thailand, Andaman Sea side, Krabi Province , Phnom Mountain, donated by Mr Somnuek Patamakanthin and Mr Samwang Patamakanthin, 31 Jul. 2006 ( NHMUK 2006.03.29 ). Fig. 38. Radula of species of Plectopylis Benson, 1860 . A, C and E show central and first lateral teeth; B, D and F show marginal teeth. A–B . P. bensoni Gude, 1914 . C–D . P. cairnsi Gude, 1898 (UF 76467). E–F . P. crassilabris sp. nov. (UF 343899). All images: B. Páll-Gergely. Fig. 39. Genitalia of Plectopylis cairnsi Gude, 1898 , PL012 (UF 76467). A . Distal genitalia. B . Male genitalia (penis, epiphallus, vas deferens). C–F . Inner structure of genital organs (C = penis, D = epiphallus, E = vagina, F = diverticulum). Scale bars: A–B = 5 mm; C–F = 1 mm. For abbreviations see Fig. 2. All photos: B. Páll-Gergely. Description SHELL. Sinistral, almost flat, spire only slightly elevated; whorls 5.5; basal colour yellowish to greyish, dorsal surface with brownish-red and paler stripes; protoconch consists of 2.5–2.75 whorls, extremely finely granular with fine, irregular growth wrinkles; teleoconch very finely, regularly ribbed and decussated with fine spiral lines; sculpture less prominent on ventral side; peristome thickened and slightly reflected, with a rather weak, blunt parietal callus; apertural fold continuous with main plica, usually free from parietal callus (or reaches with a thinner projection). Fig. 40. Distribution of species of Plectopylis Benson, 1860 in Southern Thailand and northern Malaysia. Legends: empty triangle = P. thompsoni sp. nov. ; square = P. cairnsi Gude, 1898 ; filled triangle = sympatric locality of P. thompsoni sp. nov. and P. cairnsi ; circle = P. malayana sp. nov. Lambda-complex complete; upper branch and left leg elongated; main plica free from lambda-complex; short horizontal plica may be present under lambda-complex. Palatal wall typical of Plectopylis . MEASUREMENTS (in mm). D = 18.9, H = 6.5 ( holotype ); D = 18.4–21.1, H = 6.3–7.4 (n = 3, shells from Thailand ). CHARACTERS OF THE GENITAL SYSTEM. One specimen from sample UF 76467 was examined. Left ommatophoral retractor runs between penis and vagina; penis relatively long, internally with parallel, serrate folds and tiny calcareous crystals; epiphallus and vas deferens attached to penis with weak muscle fibres; no penial caecum observed; epiphallus internally with three main, and some minor longitudinal folds; retractor muscle thick and inserts on proximal part of penis; vagina approx. half of length of penis, and of comparable diameter; bursa copulatrix with a very short, slender stalk, and a very long, elongate, thick bursa; diverticulum ovate, slightly shorter than stalk of bursa copulatrix; diverticulum contained a spermatophore, which is long, fragile, reddish brown tube folded multiple times, forming an ovate mass having pointed ends. RADULA. Centrals with small, triangular cusps; endocones of laterals ovoid with pointed tip; ectocones of first laterals much larger than centrals; ectocones of marginals undivided, endocones of marginals mostly undivided. Differential diagnosis Plectopylis thompsoni sp. nov. is larger and flatter, the right leg of its lambda-complex is absent, and the main plica is connected to the lambda-complex. Plectopylis bensoni is usually larger, has a shouldered body whorl (more rounded in cairnsi ), and the main plica is connected to the lambda-complex (not connected in cairnsi ). For the differences with P. malayana sp. nov. , see under that species. Distribution This species is known from Krabi Province in Thailand only. In one of the localities, Plectopylis cairnsi co-occurs with P. thompsoni sp. nov. ( Fig. 40 ). Remarks Most examined shells had the main plica and the apertural fold connected. In contrast, they are free from each other in the holotype of P. cairnsi . Furthermore, the main plica reaches the parietal callus in the holotype and only in the minority of the Thai shells. In view of these differences, which I consider minor, I do not find it necessary to treat the Thai populations as a distinct taxon.