Systematics of the Baikalian Babr (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Pallaseidae) Author Daneliya, Mikhail E. Author Kamaltynov, Ravil M. Author Kontula, Tytti Author Väinölä, Risto text Zootaxa 2009 2276 49 68 journal article 10.5281/zenodo.191076 2774ced2-c2d6-48da-99c0-d2af36512193 1175-5326 191076 Babr baikali ( Stebbing, 1899 ) ( Figures 3 – 7 ) Gammarus Lovenii Dybowsky, 1874 : 137 , Tab. XIII, Fig. 7 , [non G. lovenii Bruzelius, 1859 ]; Pallasea baikali (partim) Stebbing, 1899 : 422 ; Stebbing, 1906 : 378 ; Sowinsky, 1915 : 272 ; Pleuracanthus lovenii Garjajev, 1901 : 42 ; Pallasea (Pallasea) baikali Bazikalova, 1945 : 144 ; Barnard & Barnard, 1983 : 480 ; Pallasea kessleri var. inermis Sowinsky, 1915 : 265 ; P. baikali inermis Dorogostaisky, 1922 : 123 , Tab. 2, Fig. 4 ; Pallasea (Pallasea) baikali inermis Bazikalova, 1945 : 145 ; Barnard & Barnard, 1983 : 480 ; P. baikali Väinölä & Kamaltynov, 1999 : 951 [“ P. baikali M+N”]; P. (Pallasea) baikali baikali Takhteev, 2000 : 60 ; Babr baikali Kamaltynov, 2002 : 756 ; Babr inermis Kamaltynov, 2002 : 756 . FIGURE 3 . Babr baikali (Stebbing, 1899) : (a) specimen from Kultuk Bay (type locality), 14.8.2007, 30 mm, lateral view; (b) specimen from Khul Bay, 23.9.2000 (stored frozen), 30 mm, dorsal view. Type material . Lectotype , male, 22 mm , “Loveni”, Baikal, 1873 ( ZIN 1/88436). Paralectotypes : 1 juvenile , Baikal ( ZIN 1/88436); 1 male , 27.5 mm , “ Gammarus loewenii” ( ZMH 21667). Additional material examined. (The following notations are used: sites are mainly listed counterclockwise following shoreline; locality name is followed by a basin code (S=southern, C=central, N=northern main basin of Lake Baikal, see Fig. 1 ); station codes (st.) refer to the cruises of respective years on r/v Obruchev ( 91-x =1991) and r/v Titov ( 99-x , 00-x , 06-x and 07-x ); collector acronyms are MED=Mikhail Daneliya, RMK=Ravil Kamaltynov, RV=Risto Väinölä; the numbers of specimens examined by different methods are indicated as mor: for morphology, all: for allozymes and mtD: for the mitochondrial COI gene sequence. Museum collection numbers given after the mor: specification are MZH =Zoological Museum, University of Helsinki; LIN=Limnological Institute, Irkutsk, ZIN =Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg). Kultuk Bay (S), 51°43´N , 103°43´E , sandy beach 0.5 m , 14.09.1998 , coll. RV & RMK (mor: 2 MZH 53152; all: 9; mtD: 3); Kultuk Bay (S), 51°43´N , 103°43´E , 2−3 m sand, 14.09.1998 , coll. RV (mor: 2; all: 2) Kultuk Bay (S), 53º 43'13'' N , 103º42'54'' E (st. 07-64), 0.5–1 m sand, 14.08.2007 coll. RV & MED (mor: 77 MZH 53153; mtD: 2); same location and date, 2–3 m , sand, stones, vegetation (mor: 19 MZH 53154); Kultuk Bay (S), 51°43´02´´ N , 103°43´10´´ E (st. 07-62), 10 m , sand, 14.08.2007 , coll. MED & RV (mor: 4 MZH 53155, 53175; mtD 1); Cape Ulan-Koblit (unknown locality), 18 m , mud, algae, 31.07.1916 , coll. Baikal Expedition (mor: 1 ZIN ); Budyskaya Guba (Olkhon Island; C), 53°07´37´´ N , 107°29´12´´ E (st. 07-14), 2–3 m , sand, 0 6.08.2007, coll. RV & MED (mor: 33 MZH 53157; mtD: 5); Olkhon Strait, Khul Bay (C/N), 53°04´N , 106°56´E (st. 91-4), 7−15 m , Charales, 16.08.1991 , coll. RMK & RV (mor: 1; all: 2; mtD: 3) Olkhon Strait, Khul Bay (C/N), 53°04´N , 106°56´E (st. 00-14), 2−9 m , 23.09.2000 , coll. RMK & RV (mor: 1; mtD: 1) Olkhon Strait, Khul Bay (C/N), 53º03'04'' N , 106º55'56'' E (st. 07-15a), 2–3 m , sand, vegetation, 0 6.08.2007, RV & MED (mor: 32 MZH 53158; mtD: 1); Maloe More strait, Bayan-Shungen Bay (N), 53°15´21´´ N , 107°29´30´´ E (st. 07-16a), 1–2 m , sand, 0 6.08.2007, coll. RV & MED (mor: 49 MZH 53159, 53174; mtD: 5); Maloe More, Toubdi (N, exact locality unknown), 13.07.1897 , coll. Botkin (mor: 1 LIN 854); Boguchanski Bay (N), 55°25´21´´ N , 109°11´18´´ E (st. 06-14), 0.5–1.5 m , sand, 15.08.2006 , RV & MED (mor: 9 MZH 53161; mtD: 2); off Yarki Island (N), 55°45´N , 109°40´E (st. 91-8), 20.08.1991 , coll. RMK & RV (mor: 1; all: 43; mtD: 3); Frolikha Bay (N), 55°31´N , 109°51´E (st. 99-54), 13−30 m , 26.7.1999 , coll. RV & RMK (mor: 1; mtD: 3); Ayaya Bay (N), 55°27´22´´ N , 109°53´58´´ E (st. 06-22a), 0.5–1.5 m , sand, 15.08.2006 , coll. RV & MED (mor: 16 MZH 53160; mtD: 1); Davsha Bay (N), 54°20´N , 109°29´E (st. 07-34b), 2 m , sand, 0 9.08.2007, coll. RV & MED (mor: 36 MZH 53162, 53173; mtD: 5); Senogda Bay (N, 55°34´N , 109°13´E ), st. 633, 2 m, sand, 0 9.07.1955, coll. Bazikalova (mor: 1 LIN 868); Irinda Bay (N), 54°50´N , 109°40´E (st. 91-10), 21.08.1991 , coll. RMK & RV (mor: 1; all: 9; mtD: 3); 1 km S from mouth of Malaya Cheremshana River (N), 54°00´N , 109°24´E (st. 99-39), 25.7.1999 , 15– 25 m , coll. RMK & RV (mor: 1; mtD: 1); Chivyrkui Gulf, Zmeinaya Bay & Pesochnaya Bay (N), 53°45´N , 109°01´E (st. 00-28/29), 1m / 4m sand, 25.9.2000 , coll. RV (mor: 2; mtD: 2); Chivyrkui Gulf, Kurbulik (N), 53°42´N , 109°02´E (st. 91-11), sand, 22.08.1991 , coll. RV (all: 7). Barguzin Bay, off Cape Kholodyanka (C), 53°23´N , 108°59' E (st. 99-27), 4−7 m , sand, 23.07.1999 , coll. RV & RMK (mor: 3 MZH 53156; mtD: 3); Bezymyannaya Bay (C), 53°02´N , 108°18´E (st. 99-21), 23.7.1999 , 2.5−4 m sand, coll. RMK & RV (mor: 2 MZH 53170; mtD: 3); Talanki Bay (C, 52°42´N , 107°41´E ), st. 1194, 10 m, 21.07.1957 , coll. Bazikalova (mor: 1 LIN 867); Off Selenga delta mouth (S/C), 2 m , mud, 0 8.05.1915 (mor: 12 ZIN 2/88439 " Pall. baikali inermis Sow., det. Dorogostaisky"); Off Severnoe Ustie mouth (S/C, 52°23´N , 106°33´E ), 2 m , 0 8.05.1915, collector unknown (mor: 1 LIN 851 " Pallasea (Pallasea) baicali inermis , det. Dorogostaisky"); Off Posolskoe, southern edge of Selenga delta (S), 52°01´N , 106°10´E (st. 99-6), 3.5 m , sand, 21.7.1999 , coll. RV & RMK (mor: 1; mtD: 1) FIGURE 4 . Babr baikali (Stebbing, 1899) , lectotype: (a) total body, lateral view (setae not shown); (b) anterior part of body, dorsal view; (c) urosoma, lateral view. Scale bars 1 mm. FIGURE 5 . Babr baikali (Stebbing, 1899) , (a) specimen from Davsha Bay, (b), (c), (d) lectotype: (a) head with antennula and antenna, lateral view; (b) mandibular palp, medial view; (c) maxilla 2, medial view; (d) left maxilla 1; right maxilla 1. Scale bars 1 mm. Type locality . Lake Baikal, Kultuk Bay (southern basin; as specified in Kamaltynov 2002 ). Diagnosis . Marginal prominences of head about equal in length to marginal prominences of pereonite 1 ( Fig. 4 b). Uronite 1 with dorso-lateral setae only ( Fig. 4 c). Antenna 1 shorter than or equal to a half of body length ( Fig. 4 a). Antenna 1 peduncle segment 1 1.1–1.2 times as long as segment 2, and segment 2 1.5 times as long as segment 3 ( Fig. 4 a, 5a). Mandibular palp segment 1 without setae; segment 3 with 16 to 22 short ventral spine-setae ( Fig. 5 b). Coxa 4 with straight distal margin ( Fig. 4 a). Posterior margin of pereopod 6 basis slightly concave ( Fig. 6 c). Uropod 3 shorter than urosome ( Fig. 4 a), rather wide. Uropod 3 exopod 1.3–1.5 times as long as endopod (difference in the length especially strong in younger specimens) ( Fig. 7 a). FIGURE 6 . Babr baikali (Stebbing, 1899) , lectotype: (a) gnathopod 1, lateral view; (b) pereopod 5, lateral view; (c) basis and ischium of pereopod 6, lateral view; (d) basis, ischium and merus of pereopod 7, lateral view; (e) carpus, propodus and dactylus of pereopod 7, medial view. Scale bars 1 mm. FIGURE 7 . Babr baikali (Stebbing, 1899) , lectotype: (a) uropod 3, dorsal view; (b) telson, dorsal view. Scale bars 1 mm. Color white, greenish-white or yellowish-white; spots varying in color from slight greenish-brown, yellowish or reddish to dark red or black, varying with the size of animal and substrate (environment). Pereonites 1−5 all with narrow dorso-lateral spots ( Fig. 3 a, b). Body length of mature individuals 21–33 mm . Description of lectotype . Fitting the generic and specific diagnoses above, with following specifications: Marginal prominences of head conical, sharp. Uronite 2 with two dorso-lateral spine-setae. Uronite 3 with three dorso-lateral spine-setae. Antenna 1 length 0.43 of body length. Antenna 1 about 1.5 times as long as antenna 2. Flagellum with 26 subsegments. Length of antenna 2 peduncle segment 4 equal to segment 5 length. Mandibular palp segment 3 with 16 short ventral spine-setae. Uropod 3 exopod 1.3 times as long as endopod. DNA . Mitochondrial DNA typified by the sequence of a fragment of the COI deposited in GenBank with accession no GQ919203 (from a specimen from Kultuk Bay, MZH 53175), from which conspecific specimens differ at less than 10 % of nucleotide sites, whereas any heterospecific sequences studied differed at more than 15 %. The variability within B. baikali comprises four main lineages, with typical geographical distributions: southern, eastern, western (around Olkhon Island), and northern (represented by GenBank sequences GQ919203 - GQ919206 ). ( Figs 1 a and 2). Allozymes. Distinguished from B. nigromaculatus by having electrophoretically faster allozymes of the enzymes ENO, MDH-1 and PGD, and electrophoretically slower ones of the enzymes AAT-2, AP, ARK, IDH- 1, IDH-2, MDH-2 and PGM (Table 1). Distribution and habitat . Throughout the coasts of Baikal ( Fig. 1 a), on shallow-water sandy bottoms. Depth 0.5–30 m , more often less than 10 m .