Croton (Euphorbiaceae) of the Brazilian state of Paraná: an annotated checklist, species distribution, and identification key Author Pereira, Amanda Da Paixão Noronha 0000-0003-4874-129X Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, Núcleo de Pesquisa Curadoria do Herbário, São Paulo, SP 01061 - 970, Brazil & Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, 09972 - 270, Diadema, SP, Brazil. & amanda. pnoronhap @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4874 - 129 X amanda.pnoronhap@gmail.com Author Riina, Ricarda 0000-0002-7423-899X Real Jardín Botánico (RJB), CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014, Madrid, Spain. & rriina @ rjb. csic. es; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7423 - 899 X rriina@rjb.csic.es Author Caruzo, Maria Beatriz Rossi 0000-0002-8393-214X Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, Núcleo de Pesquisa Curadoria do Herbário, São Paulo, SP 01061 - 970, Brazil & Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, 09972 - 270, Diadema, SP, Brazil. & mbrcaruzo @ unifesp. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8393 - 214 X mbrcaruzo@unifesp.br text Phytotaxa 2022 2022-10-28 570 3 231 274 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.570.3.1 journal article 176492 10.11646/phytotaxa.570.3.1 e5151877-6fa0-44de-b9c3-4577de526c95 1179-3163 7260277 2. Croton antisyphiliticus Mart : ( in Spix & Martius 1823: 282 ). Type :— BRAZIL . Sa ̃o Paulo : “in campis editis e.g. ad Ypanema, ubi Erva Mular”, January 1818 , C.F.P. von Martius s.n . ( holotype M 0086128 !, photo F 19474!). ( Fig. 1 , D– I ) Croton antisyphiliticus is a subshrub that can be recognized by its irregularly serrate leaves with sessile nectary glands along the leaf margin. Due to its wide geographic distribution and its occurrence in different types of habitats, the species has a great morphological variability throughout its range, especially in vegetative characteristics like leaf shape and indumentum density. The species belongs to sect. Geiseleria subsect. Ocalia ( Klotzsch 1841: 195 ) van Ee & Berry (2021: 136) ( Riina et al. 2021 ). Distribution and habitat:— It occurs in Bolivia , Paraguay and Brazil ( AM , DF , GO , MG , MT , PR , SC , SP , TO) ( Sodré et al. 2019 , Riina et al. 2021 ). Plants growing in open vegetation and ‘cerrado’, between 700 and 960 m elevation. ( Fig. 2 ). Phenology:— Flowering from March and July to December, fruiting from September to November. Representative specimens:— PARANÁ : Arapoti , Fazenda do Tigre , 9 September 1960 , G . Hatschbach 7269 ( MBM ). Jaguariaíva , estrada para acesso ao Parque Estadual do Cerrado , 24°13’18.51”S , 49°41’40.15”W , 851 m , 21 October 2016 , A . P . N . Pereira , F . P . Satori & O . L . M . Silva 41 ( SP ). Palmeira , Fazenda Boiada. 14 March 2013 , G . Felitto & E . D. Lozano 516 ( MBM ). Ponta Grossa , Buraco do Padre , 25°11’06.9”S , 49°58’22”W , 883 m , 02 November 2007, M.G. Caxambu 1739 ( CGMS , UFMT , HCF , MBM ). Ventania, Fazenda Santa Inês, 14 October 2005 , D .A. Estevan 876 (FUEL, HCF, HUCS).