A systematic revision of the genus Juga from fresh waters of the Pacific Northwest, USA (Cerithioidea, Semisulcospiridae)
Author
Strong, Ellen E.
A8E5D1FF-9761-4158-B1E8-297FD733695B
National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC 163, Washington, DC 20013 - 7012, USA.
StrongE@si.edu
Author
Garner, Jeffrey T.
F1E75231-0933-4490-B176-4DCF681EC71E
350 County Road 275, Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Florence, Alabama 35633, USA.
Jeffrey.Garner@dcnr.alabama.gov
Author
Johnson, Paul D.
38406737-A5C0-4462-B2EB-A5000B35EE4E
2200 Highway 175, Alabama Aquatic Biodiversity Center, Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Marion, Alabama 36756, USA.
Paul.Johnson@dcnr.alabama.gov
Author
Whelan, Nathan V.
ECF031F9-BB78-41BD-BC9E-C789E1360202
Southeast Conservation Genetics Lab, Warm Springs Fish Technology Center, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA. & School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA.
nathan_whelan@fws.gov
text
European Journal of Taxonomy
2022
2022-12-07
848
1
97
http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.848.1993
journal article
10.5852/ejt.2022.848.1993
24a6e428-fdf4-4270-b465-33f0eb27e2d6
2118-9773
7427764
CD87E211-18D1-43DF-A4A4-70D8D111C969
Juga caerulea
sp. nov.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
B1DFDF9D-9B8B-471B-822A-80F281835610
Figs 12–13
Oxytrema bulbosa
–
Morrison 1954: 361
, 384, pl. 11 fig. 5.
Juga
(
Oreobasis
) n. sp. 5
–
Frest & Johannes 1995a: 181
. —
Johannes 2015: 27
.
Juga
(
Oreobasis
) OTU 4
–
Campbell
et al.
2016: 160
.
Blue Mountains
Juga
–
Strong & Whelan 2019: 89
.
Etymology
‘
Caeruleus -a -um
’, Latin for ‘blue’, in reference to the Blue Mountains where it is found, and to the bluish to purplish appearance of the aperture interior of fresh collected shells.
Type material
Holotype
USA
•
1
spm (L =
15.02 mm
);
Oregon
,
Grant County
,
Phipps Meadow
along U.S. Hwy 26
;
44.5816
,
-118.4419
;
10 Jul. 2014
;
J.T. Garner
and
N.V. Whelan
leg.;
GenBank
:
MK472115
,
MK464487
,
MK480730
;
USNM 1294988
.
Other material examined
13 lots,
66 specimens
, of which 11 were sequenced.
USA
–
Oregon
• 37 spms;
Grant Co.
,
10 mi
E of Austin
,
Blue Mountains
, stream,
John Day River
drainage; [
44.5987
,
-118.3364
]; alt.
4000 ft
;
25 May 1939
;
V.B. Scheffer
leg.;
USNM 473801
•
18
spms;
Grant Co.
,
Phipps Meadow
along U.S. Hwy 26
;
44.5816
,
-118.4419
;
10 Jul. 2014
;
J.T. Garner
and
N.V. Whelan
leg.;
USNM 1295000
•
1 spm; same collection data as for preceding;
GenBank
:
MK472116
,
MK464488
;
USNM 1294989
•
1 spm; same collection data as for preceding;
GenBank
:
MK472117
,
MK464489
,
MK480731
;
USNM 1294990
•
1 spm; same collection data as for preceding;
GenBank
:
MK472118
,
MK464490
,
MK480732
;
USNM 1294991
•
1 spm; same collection data as for preceding;
GenBank
:
MK472119
,
MK464491
;
USNM 1294992
•
1 spm; same collection data as for preceding;
GenBank
:
MK472120
,
MK464492
;
USNM 1294993
•
1 spm; same collection data as for preceding;
GenBank
:
MK472121
,
MK464493
;
USNM 1294994
•
1 spm; same collection data as for preceding;
GenBank
:
MK472122
,
MK464494
,
MK480733
;
USNM 1294995
•
1 spm; same collection data as for preceding;
GenBank
:
MK472123
,
MK464495
,
MK480734
;
USNM 1294996
•
1 spm; same collection data as for preceding;
GenBank
:
MK472124
,
MK464496
,
MK480735
;
USNM 1294997
•
1 spm; same collection data as for preceding;
GenBank
:
MK472125
,
MK464497
,
MK480736
;
USNM 1294998
•
1 spm; same collection data as for preceding;
GenBank
:
MK472126
,
MK464498
;
USNM 1294999
.
Fig. 12.
Shell morphology of
Juga caerulea
sp. nov.
A
. Holotype (USNM 1294988).
B–E
Sequenced vouchers.
B
. USNM1294991.
C
. USNM 1294994.
D
. USNM 1294996.
E
. USNM 1294999.
F–G
. USNM 473801. Scale bar = 1 cm.
Fig. 13.
Radular morphology of
Juga caerulea
sp. nov.
, holotype (USNM 1294988).
A
. View of the anterior radular ribbon.
B
. Detail of cutting edge of rachidian and lateral teeth.
C
. Detail of lateral teeth cusps.
D
. Detail of rachidian cusps.
E
. Cutting edges of inner and outer marginal teeth.
F
. Detail of inner and outer marginal teeth cusps. Scale bars: A = 200 µm; B = 100 µm; C, E = 50 µm; D = 40 µm; F = 20 µm.
Description
SHELL. Thin, moderate in size, reaching ~
1.5 cm
in length; turriform, conical in shape, spire height moderate (
Fig. 12
). Whorls convex, suture moderately impressed. Aperture oval in shape, lip smooth, simple to slightly sinuous. Spiral sculpture of indistinct, fine striae, variable in strength and number. Axial sculpture of fine, orthocline to weakly opisthocyrt or sinuous growth lines; plications lacking. Shell dark brown to black, occasionally with a lighter subsutural band. Interior of aperture bluish in color, occasionally tinged with purple.
RADULA. Rachidian broadly rectangular, wider than tall, with convex lower margin and projecting outer corners; basal denticles lacking or vestigial (
Fig. 13
). Upper margin slightly concave with cutting edge bearing central, elongate conical cusp, and two to three stout, conical denticles on each side. Lateral teeth with prominent triangular cusp flanked by two inner and two to three outer, triangular denticles, and frequently a membranous outermost denticle. Marginal teeth with broadly rounded cutting edges and long, slender, flattened shafts with membranous flanges along inner and outer edges. Narrow inner flanges along distal half to two-thirds of shafts; broad outer flanges extending almost to tooth bases. Inner marginal teeth with ~four and outer marginal teeth with ~five flattened denticles.
Distribution and ecology
In springs and spring runs of the John Day River drainage, northeastern
Oregon
(
Fig. 14A
).
Remarks
This species is characterized by its simple, smooth, dark, lightly constructed shell, without distinguishing sculpture; the only known populations are rather uniform in shape and size.
Fig. 14.
Distribution maps.
A
.
Juga caerulea
sp. nov.
B
.
Juga canella
sp. nov.
C
.
Juga douglasi
sp. nov.
Red stars, type localities; black dots, sequenced specimens; gray dots, unsequenced museum material. Abbreviations: CA = California; NV = Nevada; OR = Oregon; WA = Washington.
Distribution
Juga caerulea
sp. nov.
is a highly disjunct and restricted species, occurring in springs and spring runs from a few sites within a single spring complex in Phipps Meadow, the headwaters of the Middle Fork of the John Day River in the Malheur National Forest. One lot collected in 1939 (USNM 473801) indicates that historically it may have occurred in small streams in the area;
Morrison (1954: 361
, 384, pl. 11 fig. 5) identified these specimens as
Oxytrema bulbosa
and provided a sketch of the head-foot of a female to show the egg laying groove and ovipositor. However, recent efforts to locate the species elsewhere in the Blue Mountains have been unsuccessful (
Frest & Johannes 1995a
). Phipps Meadow, the source of the
type
material, has been heavily affected by grazing and
Frest & Johannes (1995a)
considered existing surveys were sufficient to merit a status of Endangered at the Federal or State level. The Blue Mountain Land Trust recently purchased Phipps Meadow with the goal of protecting and restoring the meadow’s riparian habitat (https://bmlt.org/news/phipps-meadow).
Common name
The common name for this species is the Blue Mountain
Juga (
Johannes 2015
)
. It has also been referred to as the Blue Mountains
Juga
(
Frest & Johannes 1995a
;
Duncan 2008
;
Strong & Whelan 2019
).