Bradyrhizobium altum sp. nov., Bradyrhizobium oropedii sp. nov. and Bradyrhizobium acaciae sp. nov. from South Africa show locally restricted and pantropical nodA phylogeographic patterns Author Avontuur, Juanita R. Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa Author Palmer, Marike School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, United States Author Beukes, Chrizelle W. Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa Author Chan, Wai Y. Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa & National Institute for Communicable Disease, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa Author Tasiya, Taponeswa Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa Author Zyl, Elritha van Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa Author Coetzee, Martin P. A. Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa Author Stepkowski, Tomasz Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Poland Author Venter, Stephanus N. Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa fanus.venter@up.ac.za Author Steenkamp, Emma T. Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa text Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 2022 107338 2021-10-29 167 1 13 journal article 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107338 a4edc281-0cb2-4c24-b652-aa6157ac84af 1055-7903 5728354 4.3. Description of Bradyrhizobium altum sp. nov. Bradyrhizobium altum (al’ tum. L. neut. adj. altum , high, referring to the high-altitude region where this species was isolated from). Cells are motile, Gram-negative rods and is approximately 1.29 × 0.45 μm in size. Colonies are circular, convex, opaque, cream in colour and < 1 mm in diameteron YMA after 7 daysincubation at 28 ◦ C. The pH range for growth on YMA is 5 to 10 and growth can occur between 15 and 37 ◦ Cand thesestrainscangrowinthe presenceof upto 2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Reduction of nitrates, β- glucosidase urease, tested positive. It is also positive for the production of L-arabinose, Tween 40, Tween 80, adonitol, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, D-cellobiose, D-arabitol, D-galactose, D- and L-fructose, m-inositol, D-mannitol, maltose, D-mannose, Draffinose, D-melibiose, L-rhamnose, D-sorbitol, sucrose, xylitol, Dtrehalose, turanose, methyl pyruvate, D-galacturonic acid, acetic acid, malonic acid, propionic acid, D-saccharic acid, quinic acid, sebacic acid, L-asparagine, D- and L-alanine, L-leucine, L-proline, L-ornithine and glycerol. Negative reactions were recorded for glucose fermentation, indole production, β- galactosidase activity and L-arginine dihydrolase. It is also negative for the assimilation of N-acetyl-glucosamine, potassium gluconate, D-maltose, adipic acid, capric acid, malic acid, phenylacetic acid, glycogen, α- cyclodextrin, L-arabinose, i-erythritol, Lthreonine, D- and L-serine, glucose-1-phosphate and glucose-6- phosphate. Strain is resistant to penicillin (10 μg/ml), ampicillin (10 μg/ml), gentamycin (10 μg/ml), chloramphenicol (30 μg/ml) and neomycin (10 μg/ml) and is susceptible to kanamycin (30 μg/ml), erythromycin (30 μg/ml), streptomycin (10 and 25 μg/ml) and tetracycline (30 μg/ml). The type strain Pear77 T (=SARCC 754 = LMG 31407), was isolated from root nodules of Pearsonia obovata collected in the Dullstroom area of the Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. This species forms effective nodules on cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata ) and siratro ( Macroptilium atropurpureum ). The DNA G + Ccontent of the type strain is 63.3 mol%. The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the genome sequence and gene sequences for this type strain are: whole genome ( JACMYP000000000 ) and 16S rRNA ( LR877298 ), atpD ( LN650104 ), glnII ( LN650146 ), dnaK ( LN650125 ), gyrB ( LN650209 ), rpoB ( LN650188 ) and nodA ( LN650251 ).