Five new species of Stenochrus (Schizomida: Hubbardiidae) from Oaxaca, Mexico
Author
Monjaraz-Ruedas, Rodrigo
Author
Francke, Oscar F.
text
Zootaxa
2018
2018-01-18
4374
2
189
214
journal article
30974
10.11646/zootaxa.4374.2.2
5e685989-e589-4f52-a0ab-2a5e967a8d95
1175-5326
1154388
AB2FE929-FE2A-46C5-A5A1-56EC1E90BAD4
Stenochrus magico
,
sp. nov.
Figs. 57–71
,
Table 5
.
Type
material
.
MEXICO
:
Oaxaca
: male
holotype
(
CNAN-T1163
), [
26 March 1981
,
A. Grubbs
,
S. Zeman
], from
Millipede Cave
,
Río Iglesia Dolina
(
18.1175ºN
,
96.79983ºW
,
1610m
),
Huautla de Jiménez
.
Paratypes
:
1 male
(
CNAN-T1164
), [
12 April 2014
, G. Contreras, J. Cruz, S. Davlantes,
O. Francke
, J.
Mendoza
], from
Cueva
Li-
Nita
, (
18.14767ºN
,
96.7984ºW
,
1919m
),
Huautla de Jiménez
.
1 female
(
CNAN-T1165
), [
11 September 2010
,
D. Barrales
,
J. Cruz
, O.
Francke
, A.
Valdez
], from
Cueva
100m
S of Puente de Fierro
, (
18.15085ºN
,
96.85336ºW
,
1197m
),
Huautla de Jiménez
.
1 female
(
CNAN-T1166
), [
12 April 2015
, G. Contreras, O. Francke,
J. Mendoza
, M.
Minton
, R.
Monjaraz
], from Cueva Cangrejo, San Miguel Cuahutepec, (
18.10717ºN
,
96.79845ºW
,
1540m
),
Huautla de Jiménez
.
Distribution
. This species is known only from caves in the Sierra Mazateca in the vicinity of Huautla de Jiménez (
Fig 71
).
Etymology
. The specific name is a noun in apposition of the Spanish word magic, in reference to the magic mushrooms (genus
Psilocybe
) which occur in the region of Huautla de Jimenez, and were popularized during the hippie years in the 1970s and 80s.
Diagnosis
. Males can be distinguished by the bulbous flagellum, subquadrate in shape, without dorsal relief (
Figs. 59–61
); pedipalp trochanter with a small protuberance as apical process. Females can be distinguished by the spermathecae (
Fig. 70
) with median lobes inverse “J” shaped, without duct openings, lateral lobes curved outwards; the bases of the lobes clearly separated.
Stenochrus magico
resembles
Stenochrus firstmani
(
Rowland, 1973
)
in the shape of the male flagellum; however, males of
S. magico
have a subquadrate-shaped flagellum, whereas males of
S. firstmani
present a sub-triangular-shaped flagellum. In addition, males of
S. firstmani
present a dorsomedian protuberance on flagellum, whereas the flagellum of males of
S. magico
lack dorsal relief. Females of
S. magico
resemble
S. alcalai
in the shape of the spermathecae, having median lobes inverse “J” shaped; however, females of
S. magico
have the lateral lobes curved outwards and about 1/3 length of median lobes, whereas females of
S. alcalai
have lateral lobes straight and about 1/4 length of median lobes. Additionally, females of
S. magico
have a wide and short, subrectangular gonopod with sides parallel, while females of
S. alcalai
have a trapezoidal gonopod with oblique sides.
FIGURES 57, 58.
Stenochrus magico
sp. nov
.
Male holotype. Habitus: 57. Dorsal view. Female paratype. Habitus: 58. Dorsal view.
Chelicerae
(
Figs. 67–69
): Movable finger: serrula with 22 teeth, guard tooth present. Fixed finger with five smaller teeth between two primary teeth. Setation: Setal group formula: 3-6-
4-2-13-6
-1-6. G1 with three spatulate setae, covered with spinose spicules from the middle of the shaft to the tip; G2 composed of six feathered setae, subequal in length, and shorter than movable finger length; G3 with four setae subequal in length, feathered apically and smooth basally; G4 consisting of two small setae, smooth, thick basally, elongated at the tip; G5A with thirteen similar sized setae, feathered apically and longer than fixed finger; G5B with six, basal three short and smooth, distal three longer and feathered; G6 with one smooth setae about 1/2 of movable finger length; G7 with six smooth and slender setae subequal in length.
Pedipalps
(
Figs. 65
): homeomorphic; 2.1 times longer than propeltidium length. Trochanter with a small protuberance on apical process, mesal surface with three setae near ventral margin, plus two setae near dorsal margin; with a long, medial mesal spur. Femur, 2 times longer than high; ventral margin on ectal surface with setae
Fe1, Fe5
,
Fev1
and
Fev2
acuminate; mesal surface with a row of three ventral setae (
Fmv
1–3) plus two dorsal setae (
Fmd2
,
Fmd3
). Patella with four
Pe
acuminate setae and four
Pm
feathered setae; without distinctive ornamentations. Setae formula on tibia 5:6:6
Ter
acuminate,
Tmr
and
Tir
feathered. Tarsal spurs asymmetrical.
Legs:
Leg I, basitarsal-telotarsal proportions: 27: 3: 4: 4: 5: 5: 11. Femur IV 3.0 times longer than high.
Opisthosoma:
Tergite I with two pairs of microsetae anteriorly plus pair
Dm
; tergite II with three pairs of microsetae anteriorly plus pair
Dm
; tergites III–VII with one pair of
Dm
setae each; tergite VIII with
Dm
and
Dl2
; tergite IX with pairs
Dl1
,
Dl2
and without
Dm
. Segments X, XI telescoped, with setal pairs
Dl2
,
Vm2
,
Vl1
and
Vl2,
plus single
Vm1
seta; segment XII with
Dm
,
Dl1
,
Dl2
,
Vm1
,
Vm2
,
Vl1
and
Vl2
setae, without posterodorsal process. Sternites with two well defined rows of setae each; genital plate with scattered setae.
FIGURES 59–66.
Stenochrus magico
sp. nov
.
Male holotype. Flagellum (59–61): 59, dorsal view. 60, ventral view. 61, lateral view. Female. Flagellum (62–64): 62, dorsal view. 63, ventral view. 64, lateral view. Pedipalps ectal view (65, 66): 65, Homeomorphic male. 66, female. Scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Flagellum
(
Figs. 59–61
): bulbous, subquadrate-shaped; 1.7 times longer than wide; without dorsal relief. Setation:
Dm1
situated outside of the bulb base;
Dm4
situated distally;
Dl2
anterior to
Vl1
;
Dl3
at same level as
Vl2
; pair
Vm2
present; seta
Vm1
posterior to
Vm2
;
Vm
5 posterior to
Vl1
. With one pair of anterodorsal microsetae between
Dm1
and
Dl2
, one pair of anterolateral microsetae on flagellar pedicel, and two patches of microsetae between
Vl1
and
Vl2
(
msp
).
Female
(
paratype
) (
Fig. 58
): Pedipalps as on male (
Fig. 66
), 1.9 times longer than propeltidium length. Setation as on male. Flagellum with three flagellomeres (
Figs. 62–64
). Setation: seta
Dl2
not reduced and anterior to
Vl1
;
Dl3
posterior to
Vl2
;
Vm2
present and not reduced; seta
Vm1
at same level as
Vm2
; microsetae
Dl1
and
Dl4
present. Spermathecae (
Fig. 70
) with two pairs of lobes; median pair inverse “J” shaped outwards, without duct openings, ending in a blunt margin; lateral pair slender and slightly shorter, about 2/3 length of median lobes, curved outwards, with many pores along the entire length; lateral and median lobes bases at the same level. Chitinized arch U-shaped; with diffuse lateral tips and without anterior branch. Gonopod 3 times wider than long, roughly curved-shaped. Chelicera: serrula with 23 teeth. Setal group formula 3-8-
4-2-11-6
-1-6. Fixed finger with five teeth between two primary teeth.
FIGURES 67–70.
Stenochrus magico
sp. nov
.
Male. Chelicera (67–69): 67, movable finger. 68, mesal view. 69, fixed finger. Female. Spermathecae: 70, dorsal view. Scale bar (Fig. 70) = 0.05 mm.
FIGURES 71.
Distribution map of the
Stenochrus
species know for the state of Oaxaca.
Remarks
. Specimens of
Stenochrus magico
are distributed only inside the caves of the Sierra Mazateca, primarily in the Sistema Huautla. There is no evidence of dimorphic males in this species, but additional sampling is needed to verify this (n=2). There are other schizomid species outside the caves that should not be confused with
Stenochrus magico
, and the evidence suggests that
S. magico
is a troglophile without any apparent troglomorphic trait.
TABLE 5.
Measurements (mm) of
Stenochrus magico
sp. nov.
Male CNAN-T
1163 Male CNAN-T1164 Female CNAN-T
1165
Female CNAN-T
1166