Application of morphometric techniques for taxonomic revision of Berabichia oratrix (Orłowski, 1985) (Trilobita, Cambrian) from the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland Author Żylińska, Anna Author Kin, Adrian Author Nowicki, Jakub text Geodiversitas 2013 2013-09-27 35 3 505 528 http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2013n3a1 journal article 6405 10.5252/g2013n3a1 9ff37989-fe94-4548-86ca-2b7647a831c1 1638-9395 4538060 Genus Berabichia Geyer, 1990 TYPE SPECIES . — Berabichia vertumnia Geyer, 1990 , from the Lemdad Formation (Cambrian Series 2, Sectigena Zone) in the Lemdad Syncline, High Atlas, Morocco , OD. REMARKS Berabichia was introduced by Geyer (1990) for three species from the Anti-Atlas and High Atlas of Morocco , i.e. B. vertumnia , the type species, B. stenometopa Geyer, 1990 and B. inopinata Geyer, 1990 , and six additional morphotypes in open nomenclature. Berabichia inopinata , differing from most of the remaining Moroccan taxa included in Berabichia in a rather homogenous overall convexity of the cephalon ( Geyer 1990 ), was subsequently transferred to the genus Epichalnipsus Geyer, Popp, Weidner & Förster, 2004 ( Geyer et al. 2004 ). A suggestion was made ( Jell & Adrain 2003: 348 , 436) that Berabichia is a junior subjective synonym of Ptychoparopsis A 1.1 coefficient 1 allometric 0.9 B C D A1–B B 1.1 coefficient 1 allometric 0.9 0.8 K1 K (J–K1)/2 L FIG. 9. — Multivariate allometric coefficients for the Berabichia oratrix ( Orłowski, 1985 ) dataset: A , for sagittal parameters; B , for transverse parameters. For each variate, the 95% confidence interval is indicated by a vertical line. The allometric coefficient is shown by a horizontal line within the confidence interval. Hupé, 1953. However, as pointed out by Geyer (1990) , Ptychoparopsis is an unrecognizable taxon. Thus, Berabichia and Ptychoparopsis cannot be synonymized because no direct equalization has ever been proposed (G. Geyer, pers. comm.). The Berabichia group includes also Chorbusulina wilkesi Palmer & Gatehouse, 1972 and Chorbusulina subdita Palmer & Gatehouse, 1972 from the Lower Cambrian of the Argentina Range, Antarctica ; Proampyx rotundatus ( Kiaer, 1917 ) from the Lower Cambrian of Sweden ; and Berabichia erratica Geyer, Popp, Weidner & Förster, 2004 from Pleistocene erratic boulders collected in a gravel pit in northern Germany ( Palmer & Gatehouse 1972 ; Geyer 1990 ; Palmer & Rowell 1995 ; Geyer et al. 2004 ). Geyer (1990: 79) FIG. 10. — Scatter plot showing the relationship between total glabellar length (B) and fixigenal width at mid-palpebral level [(J−K1)/2] for the Berabichia oratrix ( Orłowski,1985 ) dataset;note slight allometry of the sample recording narrowing fixigenae in ontogeny. The exponential function [y = −0.01765x2 + 0.655x + 0.6173] is based on a least-squares criterion and singular value decomposition, with mean and variance standardization for im- proved numerical stability (after Hammer et al. 2001 ). FIG. 11. — Scatter plot showing correlation between the B/K ratio and the PC2 values for the Berabichia oratrix ( Orłowski, 1985 ) dataset. Black line is the reduced major axis. FIG. 12. — Biplot of scores and loadings on PC1 and PC2 of the Berabichia oratrix ( Orłowski, 1985 ) dataset. PC1 is interpreted as a size axis, PC2 as a width/length difference axis. The lines represent loadings on each parameter. Ellipses mark the area of the 95% confidence interval. A B 1.5 1 1 0.5 0.5 0 0 -0.5 –0.5 –1 –1 –1.5 -1.5 –1.5 –1 –0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 –1.5 –1 –0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 C D 1 1 0.5 0.5 0 0 –0.5 -0.5 –1 –1 –1.5 –1 –0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 –1.5 –1 –0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 E 1 0.5 0 –0.5 –1 –1.5 –1 –0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 FIG. 13. — Scatter plots showing the relationships between principal components for the Berabichia oratrix ( Orłowski, 1985 ) dataset: A , PC3 and PC4; B , PC4 and PC5; C , PC5 and PC6; D , PC6 and PC7; E , PC7 and PC8.Ellipses mark the area of the 95% confidence interval. PC3 to PC8 shown on the plots correspond to morphological variation and are devoid of variation resulting from size (PC1) and width/length difference (PC2). suggested that Strenuaeva kiaeri Samsonowicz, 1959 ( Samsonowicz 1959b : pl. 1, fig. 16a-c; Ellipsocephalus kiaeri of Orłowski 1985: 239 , textfig. 7, pl. 7, fig. 2) from the Protolenus-Issafeniella Zone of the HCM can be tentatively assigned to Berabichia ; however, the only known speci- men is strongly effaced, has very shallow lateral and axial furrows and might represent a tectonic variant of Issafeniella orlowinensis ( Samsonowicz, 1959b ) from the same interval (see Żylińska & Masiak 2007 and Żylińska & Szczepanik 2009 for comparison).