Petrocosmea magnifica (Gesneriaceae): a new species from limestone caves in Yunnan, China Author Han, Meng-Qi Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuangzu Autonomous Region and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, China Author Lü, Tian-Feng State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China Author Liu, Yan Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuangzu Autonomous Region and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, China text Phytotaxa 2017 2017-09-05 319 3 283 288 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.319.3.8 journal article 10.11646/phytotaxa.319.3.8 1179-3163 13698998 Petrocosmea magnifica M.Q.Han & Yan Liu , sp. nov. ( Figs. 1 & 2 ) Diagnosis :— Petrocosmea magnifica is similar to P . melanophthalma Huan C. Wang, Z. R. He & L. B. Zhang (2013: 486 , Figs. 3 ), but differs from the latter in having leaves which are elliptic or ovate to widely ovate in shape, leaf base cordate, both adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces covered with pannose hairs, and filaments glabrous. Type: — CHINA . Yunnan Province : Luoping County, Dashuijing Town, Yangdong Cave, alt elev. ca. 1500 m , 14 April 2015 , M. Q. Han & J. Q. Huang HMQ058 ( holotype IBK!, isotypes IBK!, PE!). Perennial herb; rhizomes short, ca. 5 mm long. Leaves 5–10, basal; the inner leaves with petioles short or absent, ovate or suborbicular; the outer leaves with long petioles, elliptic or ovate to widely ovate; papery when dry, 1–8.5 × 1–4 cm , apex acute to rounded, base cordate, sometimes oblique, margin crenulate, both surfaces pannose; lateral veins 5–7 on either side of midrib, adaxially impressed, abaxially conspicuous; petioles densely ferruginous villous, 1–8.5 cm long. Scapes 1–8, 4–7.5 cm tall, purple, densely villous; bracts 2, opposite, linear, about 2.5 mm long; cymes usually 1–2- flowered; pedicels 2–3 cm long. Calyx 5-lobed nearly to base, actinomorphic, lobes narrow-lanceolate, about 6 mm long, externally pilose, internally glabrous. Corolla purple, bilabiate, 2–2.6 cm long, externally puberulent, internally glabrous; corolla tube 6–9 mm long, two ferruginous spots at the base inside; adaxial lip 7–9 mm long, 2-lobed nearly to middle, lobes with rounded apex, base white; abaxial lip 13–16 × 21–25 mm , 3-lobed, lobes widely trullate, apex obtuse. Stamens 2; filaments inserted at base of corolla, glabrous, about 4 mm long, geniculate and thickened above the middle; anthers oblong, ca. 3 mm , dorsifixed, glabrous, apex brevirostrate; staminodes 3, linear, glabrous. Pistil ca. 14 mm long; ovary ca. 4 mm long, narrowly ovate, densely villous; style ca. 10 mm long, glabrous. Capsule ellipsoid, 3–4 mm long. Distribution, habitat and ecology: — Petrocosmea magnifica was observed growing on moist shady cliffs at entrance of a limestone cave, at elevation ca. 1500 m in Dashuijing Town, Luoping County and at elevation ca. 1200 m , in Wulong Town, Shizong County, Yunnan Province , China . Phenology: —The new species has been collected in flower during April and May, and fruit during May and June. FIGURE 1. Petrocosmea magnifica (A) Habit, (B) Dissected corolla, (C) Stamens, (D) Pistil, (E) Calyx, (F) Capsule. Drawn by WenHong Lin. FIGURE 2. Petrocosmea magnifica (A) Habitat, (B, C) Habit, (D) Flower in front view, (E) Flower in front view, (F, G) Dissected corollas, (H) Two fertile stamens, (I) Pistil, (J) Calyx, (K) Petioles. FIGURE 3. Petrocosmea melanophthalma . (A–B) Habit, (C) Adaxial leaf blade surface, (D) Abaxial leaf blade surface, (E) Flower in front view, (F) Flower in side view, (G) Calyx, (H) Dissected corollas, (J) Adaxial lip, (K) Stamens, (L) Habitat, (M) Pistil. Etymology: —The epithet refers to its corolla which is large and magnificent, and also reflects its name in Chinese mandarin. Vernacular name: —Chinese mandarin: hua li shi hu die ( ṃẉƁDzợ ), which can be translated as “ magnificent Petrocosmea ”. Taxonomic notes: — Petrocosmea magnifica has strongly reflexed short semi-orbicular upper corolla lobes that are similar to P . melanophthalma . A comparative analysis of diagnostic characters of the new species and P . melanophthalma is listed in Table 1 . Additional specimens examined ( paratypes ): — CHINA . Yunnan : Luoping County , Dashuijing Town , elev. ca. 1500 m , 14 April 2015 , M. Q. Han & J. Q. Huang HMQ059 (IBK, PE), HMQ062 (IBK), 3 April 2016 , M. Q. Han , Y. Dong & T.F. Lü HMQ909 (IBK) ; Shizong County , Wulong Town , Fenghuanggu , elev. ca. 1200 m , 15 April 2015 , M. Q. Han & J. Q. Huang HMQ079 (IBK) .