The ischnoceran chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) of bulbuls (Aves: Passeriformes: Pycnonotidae), with descriptions of 18 new species Author Gustafsson, Daniel R. 8D918E7D-07D5-49F4-A8D2-85682F00200C Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China. kotatsu@fripost.org Author Najer, Tomas 08A25BDD-8CCD-4709-9A57-7CE235D473C7 Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic. najer@af.czu.cz & tomas.najer@gmail.com Author Zou, Fasheng 9D1BB50D-CD19-4332-8854-4D0EA411342C Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China. zoufs@giz.gd.cn Author Bush, Sarah E. 87DAE296-C04F-4DA5-82A9-AC2715A065F8 School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 S. 1400 E., Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA. dovelouse@gmail.com text European Journal of Taxonomy 2022 2022-03-09 800 1 88 http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.800.1683 journal article 10.5852/ejt.2022.800.1683 b4506300-8a4a-45f0-bc34-ec2eb31dfc92 2118-9773 6358666 213B577F-867D-4ECD-AD2C-48ACA71801B5 Philopteroides holosternus sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4ACFDCEE-4214-4FAB-AF53-0EAD86F9C20D Figs 112–117 Diagnosis Philopteroides holosternus sp. nov. does not appear particularly close to any other species of Philopteroides known from bulbuls. It can be separated from all other species in the genus known from bulbuls by the following characters: male sternal plates III–VI entire, with no lateral accessory sternal plates present ( Fig. 112 ); dorsal sclerite of mesosome with elongated, bifid proximal end ( Fig. 115 ); distal basal apodeme with central ridge that appears to lie dorsal to dorsal sclerite and bear one sensillum on each side ( Fig. 115 ); gonoporal complex unique among species known from bulbuls ( Fig. 116 ). Table 2. Additional measurements for the species of Philopteroides Mey, 2004 described here. Abbreviations: ADPL = anterior dorsal plate length; ADPW = anterior dorsal plate width; ANW = anterior notch width; GW = genital width (male); N = number; PAL = preantennal head length; PAW = preantennal head width; POL = post-antennal head length; SGPW = subgenital plate width; TRL = trabeculum length; TRW = trabeculum width.

Louse	Host	Sex	N	SGPW	GW	PAW	PAL	TRL	TRW	POL	ADPW	ANW	ADPL
Po. cucphuongensis	Pycnonotus blanfordi conradi	♂	2	0.31–0.33	0.08	0.27–0.28	0.18–0.19	0.08–0.09	0.04	0.20	0.09–0.10	0.09–0.10	0.13
		♀	4	0.34–0.39	–	0.31–0.32	0.21–0.22	0.09–0.11	0.04–0.05	0.23–0.24	0.11–0.12	0.09–0.11	0.15–0.16
Po. flavala	Alophoixus flaveolus burmanicus	♂	31	0.30	0.08–0.09	0.33–0.41	0.23–0.24	0.09–0.10	0.04–0.05	0.23	0.10–0.11	0.10–0.11	0.21–0.23
	Alophoixus pallidus henrici	♂	4	0.28–0.30	0.08–0.09	0.28–0.32	0.21–0.24	0.10	0.04–0.05	0.20–0.29	0.10	0.08–0.10	0.16–0.24
		♀	3	0.26–0.28	–	0.29–0.36	0.21–0.25	0.10–0.12	0.04–0.06	0.21–0.26	0.10–0.13	0.08–0.11	0.15–0.24
	Hemixos flavala	♂	22	0.31	0.09	0.30–0.34	0.23–0.24	0.09	0.04	0.22–0.23	0.10-0.11	0.09–0.10	0.22–0.25
		♀	33	0.31	–	0.30–0.36	0.25–0.26	0.09–0.10	0.04–0.05	0.24–0.26	0.11–0.13	0.09	0.24
Po. haerixos	Ixos mcclellandii holtii	♂	3	0.28–0.29	0.08–0.09	0.27–0.28	0.21–0.22	0.10–0.11	0.04–0.05	0.20–0.21	0.10	0.06–0.08	0.15–0.16
		♀	4	0.25–0.30	–	0.28–0.30	0.21–0.23	0.10–0.11	0.04–0.05	0.21–0.23	0.10–0.11	0.07–0.09	0.15–0.17
Po. holosternus	Pycnonotus goiavier goiavier	♂	1	0.37	0.09	0.31	0.20	0.10	0.04	0.22	0.10	0.08	0.14
		♀	2	0.34	–	0.31	0.21	0.10	0.04	0.22–0.23	0.11	0.07–0.08	0.15–0.16
Po. longiclypeatus	Hypsipetes everetti samarensis	♂	3	0.24–0.27	0.08	0.24–0.25	0.19–0.21	0.08–0.09	0.03–0.04	0.19–0.21	0.09–0.10	0.05–0.07	0.14–0.17
		♀	44	0.24–0.26	–	0.26	0.20–0.21	0.07–0.08	0.03–0.04	0.19–0.21	0.10	0.04–0.06	0.15–0.16

1,2,3 N for SGPW = 1; 4 N for SGPW = 3. Etymology The species name is derived from the Greek words ‘ holos ’ for ‘whole’, and ‘ sternon ’ for ‘chest’, referring to the broad sternal plates and uninterrupted sternal plate of male abdominal segment III. Material examined Holotype (ex Pycnonotus goiavier goiavier ) PHILIPPINES • ♂ ; Negros Oriental , Siaton ; 6 Feb. 1965 ; H.E. McClure leg.; SE-1760, 23710 on reverse; BPBM . Paratypes PHILIPPINES • 1 ♀ ; same locality, collector and host as for holotype; SE-1755, 23709 on reverse; BPBM • 1 ♀ ; Negros [Oriental], Siaton , Maloh ; 2 Mar. 1965 ; H.E. McClure leg.; MAPS-5E2081 , 23711 on reverse; BPBM . Type host Pycnonotus goiavier goiavier (Scopoli, 1786) – yellow-vented bulbul. Figs 112–113. Philopteroides holosternus sp. nov. 112 . Male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 113 . Female habitus, dorsal and ventral views. Description Both sexes Head shape as in Fig. 114 , lateral margins of preantennal area shallowly concave, frons deeply concave, with central sclerotization medianly continuous. Dorsal anterior plate as in Fig. 114 . Ventral anterior plate rounded triangular, anterior margin concave. Lobes of ventral carina trapezoidal, widening medianly. Head chaetotaxy as in Fig. 114 . Thoracic and abdominal segments as in Figs 112–113 ; sternal plates broad. Pigmentation differs between sexes, with female much darker than male. Tergopleurites III–VIII with translucent fenestrae around spiracular openings. Figs 114–117. Philopteroides holosternus sp. nov. 114 . Male head, dorsal and ventral views. 115 . Male genitalia, dorsal view. 116 . Male genitalia, ventral view. 117 . Female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view. Male Thoracic and abdominal chaetotaxy as in Fig. 112 . Metanotum with 8–9 setae on each side. Base pigmentation light brown, except posterior elongation of dorsal anterior plate, temporal carinae, and proepimera medium brown. Sternal plate II medianly continuous; sternal plates III–VI broad, long, not divided into central and accessory plates. Subgenital plate large, with small irregular accessory plate on segment IX+X. Basal apodeme broad ( Fig. 115 ), narrowing markedly in anterior end, with slightly convex anterior margin. Distal end of basal apodeme with arched, medianly convergent dorsal ridges ( Fig. 115 ). Dorsal thickening of mesosome with bifid anterior extension. Gonopore wide, crescent shaped, distally with wide, blunt nodes ( Fig. 116 ); 1 sensillum on each lobe. Parameres simple ( Fig. 116 ), 2 sensilla on lateral margin of basal paramere, and 2 sensilla on lateral margin in distal half of each paramere. Measurements as in Tables 1–2 . Female Thoracic and abdominal chaetotaxy as in Fig. 113 . Metanotum with 7–9 setae on each side. Base pigmentation pale brown, except marginal carina, dorsal anterior plate, preantennal nodi, temporal and temporal marginal carinae, proepimera, prosternal plate, lateral and posterior sections of metanotum, and lateral sections of tergopleurites medium brown. Sternal plate II short but wide ( Fig. 113 ), medianly continuous, and with small lateral accessory plate on each side; sternal plates III–VI wide, with small lateral accessory plates on each side. Subgenital plate as in Fig. 117 . Surface between subgenital plate and vulval margin with faint reticulation. Vulval margin more or less straight ( Fig. 117 ), with 4–5 long and 4–5 short setae on each side. Subvulval plates broad, distal end widely pointed. Measurements as in Tables 1–2 .