Four new species of Serranochromis (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from the Cuanza and Okavango river systems in Angola, including a preliminary key for the genus Author Stauffer, Jay R. Penn State University, 432 Forest Resources Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA., Honorary Research Associate, South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Makhanda, RSA. & South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Private Bag 1015, Makhanda, 6140, RSA Author Bills, Roger 0000-0001-6034-4196 South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Private Bag 1015, Makhanda, 6140, RSA & https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6034 - 4196 Author Skelton, Paul H. 0000-0001-9587-2802 South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Private Bag 1015, Makhanda, 6140, RSA & National Geographic Okavango Wilderness Project, Wild Bird Trust. & https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9587 - 2802 text Zootaxa 2021 2021-01-13 4908 1 66 84 journal article 8862 10.11646/zootaxa.4908.1.4 25f021d5-c95b-441a-b014-cae55dace166 1175-5326 4435769 B9622350-0A3E-4C86-A1E3-6316690004A1 Artificial key to the species of Serranochromis 1a. Teeth embedded in lips................................................................................. 2 1b. Teeth exposed........................................................................................ 3 2a. Body depth less than 40% SL............................................................ Serranochromis altus 2b. Body depth greater than 40% SL; found in Luapula River, Congo system.................... Serranochromis stappersi 3a. Series of blotches along flanks........................................................................... 4 3b No distinct blotches along flanks......................................................................... 5 4a Length of pectoral fin greater than 33% SL; males with silver/white ground colour........... Serranochromis longimanus 4b Length of pectoral fin less than 33% SL; males with blueish head.............................. Serranochromis alvum 5a Caudal fin rounded.................................................................................... 6 5b Caudal fin emarginated or rectangular.................................................................... 10 6a Ocelli in breeding males restricted to 4–5 posterior membranes................................................. 7 6b Ocelli in breeding males throughout anal fin................................................................ 8 7a. In fish greater than 100 mm SL, least caudal peduncle depth less than 12.8% SL; males blue/green laterally with a narrow yellow marginal band on the dorsal fin; native endemic to Lake Malaŵi ; introduced elsewhere (e.g., Sand River Dam in Swa-ziland,, Komati River system in South Africa )............................................ Serranochromis robustus 7b. In fish greater than 100 mm SL least caudal peduncle depth greater than 13%; males yellow/green laterally with a bright orange marginal band on the dorsal fin in fish from the Okavango River system, but creamy yellow bands in fish from the Upper Zambezi River system; endemic to upper Zambezi Region, introduced into Zimbabwe ................. Serranochromis jallae 8a. Premaxillary pedicel greater than 40% of HL......................................... Serranochromis angusticeps 8b. Premaxillary pedicel less than 39% of HL.................................................................. 9 9a. Teeth in outer series of upper jaw 30–52; horizontal eye diameter 22–29 % HL............ Serranochromis macrocephalus 9b. Teeth in outer series of upper jaw 54–74; horizontal eye diameter 16–20 % HL................... Serranochromis janus 10a. Lateral-line scales greater than 39; dorsal-fin spines 17–18................................ Serranochromis thumbergi 10b. Lateral-line scales less than 38; dorsal-fin spines less than 17................................................. 11 11a. Lateral-line scales less than 34......................................................... Serranochromis cacuchi 11b. Lateral-line scales 34 or more.......................................................................... 12 12a. Snout length greater than 37% HL; endemic to southern Limpopo and Incomatic systems in...................... South Africa and Mozambique .......................................................... Serranochromis meridianus 12b. Snout length less than 36% HL......................................................................... 13 13a. Lower jaw length greater than 53% HL; endemic to the Kwanza system in Angola .................. Serranochromis spei 13b. Lower jaw length less than 53% HL.................................................... Serranochromis swartzi