From hell's heart I stab at thee! A determined approach towards a monophyletic Pteromalidae and reclassification of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) Author Burks, Roger https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3032-7939 Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA burks.roger@gmail.com Author Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1368-7721 Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iasi, Romania Author Fusu, Lucian https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0819-026X Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iasi, Romania Author Heraty, John M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9246-5651 Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA Author Jansta, Petr https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6409-3603 Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic & Department of Entomology, State Museum of Natural History, Stuttgart, Germany Author Heydon, Steve Bohart Museum of Entomology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA Author Papilloud, Natalie Dale-Skey https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7582-0386 Insects Division, Natural History Museum, London, UK Author Peters, Ralph S. Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Bonn, Germany Author Tselikh, Ekaterina V. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9184-043X Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia Author Woolley, James B. Department of Entomology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, USA Author van Noort, Simon https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6930-9741 Research and Exhibitions Department, South African Museum, Iziko Museums of South Africa, PO Box 61, Cape Town 8000 South Africa & Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa Author Baur, Hannes https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1360-3487 Department of Invertebrates, Natural History Museum Bern, Bern, Switzerland & Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland Author Cruaud, Astrid https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8932-4199 CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France Author Darling, Christopher Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, ON, M 5 S 2 C 6, Canada & Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M 5 S 1 A 1, Canada Author Haas, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6869-6698 Department of Entomology, State Museum of Natural History, Stuttgart, Germany Author Hanson, Paul Escuela de Biologia, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San Jose 11501 - 2060, Costa Rica Author Krogmann, Lars https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3724-1735 Department of Entomology, State Museum of Natural History, Stuttgart, Germany & Institute of Biology, Biological Systematics (190 n) University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany Author Rasplus, Jean-Yves https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8614-6665 CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France text Journal of Hymenoptera Research 2022 2022-12-20 94 13 88 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.94.94263 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.94.94263 1314-2607-94-13 6CB807239A47403FABEC9AF8AE7F417F ADCFB8021287566FB2D7E8A8711D5CAE Idioporidae new status Idioporini LaSalle, Polaszek & Noyes, 1997. Type genus: Idioporus LaSalle & Polaszek, 1997. Diagnosis. Antenna with 9 flagellomeres, including 4 distinct clavomeres (Fig. 25 ). Clypeus with transverse subapical groove. Labrum hidden behind clypeus, flexible, subrectangular, with marginal setae in a row. Mandibles with 2 teeth. Subforaminal bridge with postgena separated by lower tentorial bridge. Mesopleural area without an expanded acropleuron; mesepimeron not extending over anterior margin of metapleuron (Fig. 26 ). All legs with 4 tarsomeres; protibial spur stout and slightly curved; basitarsal comb longitudinal (Fig. 27 ). Figures 25-30. 25-27 Idioporus affinis LaSalle & Polaszek ( Idioporidae ) 25 antenna 26 mesosoma lateral 27 protibial spur and basitarsal comb. 28 Lycisca nebulipennis Strand ( Lyciscidae ) head frontal view 29 Lycisca ignicaudata Westwood ( Lyciscidae ): pronotum and mesonotum dorsal view 30 Agamerion cleptideum (Westwood) ( Lyciscidae ): mesosoma lateral view. Discussion. Idioporus affinis LaSalle & Polaszek is a highly distinctive species in Chalcidoidea (LaSalle et al. 1997) that has been problematic in placement regardless of whether using morphology or molecules. Relative to most other families discussed here, it is distinct in tarsomere count; only Zebe La Salle ( Pirenidae ) has four tarsomeres, but Zebe differs in having most funiculars greatly reduced. Idioporus differs from other taxa with 4-segmented tarsi on all legs, such as Eulophidae and Calesidae , and in having a stout and slightly curved protibial spur.