Cryptic species within cryptic moths: new species of Dunama Schaus (Notodontidae, Nystaleinae) in Costa Rica Author Chacon, Isidro A. Author Janzen, Daniel H. Author Hallwachs, Winnie Author J. Bolling Sullivan, Author Hajibabaei, Mehrdad text ZooKeys 2013 264 11 45 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.264.4440 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.264.4440 1313-2970-264-11 Dunama jessiebarronae Chacon sp. n. Figs 15-22, 65-70 Type material. Holotype male: 04-SRNP-4063 (Dissected, COI Barcoded) Costa Rica. Prov. Alajuela. Sector San Cristobal, Puente Palma 10.9163, -85.37869, 460m. 7 September 2004. Elda Araya (INBio). Paratypes:2♂ 1♀. Female:04-SRNP-4060 (Dissected, COI Barcoded), Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, Sector San Cristobal, Puente Palma 10.9163, -85.37869, 460 m, 5 September 2004, Elda Araya (INBio). Female: 00-SRNP-1959, Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, Sector San Cristobal, Rio Blanco Abajo 10.90037, -85.37254, 500 m, 26 May 2000, Osvaldo Espinoza. Male: 00-SRNP-1935 (COI Barcoded), Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, Sector San Cristobal, Rio Blanco Abajo 10.90037, -85.37254, 500 m, 26 May 2000, Osvaldo Espinoza. Other material examined. Barcoded: 25 specimens that divided into 6 apparent haplotypes with differences from the most common haplotype (16 specimens) of 0.3% or less (Fig. 86). Barcoded specimens were from Alajuela and Limon Provinces. Many hundreds more of this species were reared and barcoded, but there is no cause to list them here. Museum specimens: (67 specimens) 22♂ 26♀ Alajuela, 13♂ Heredia, 6♂ Limon. Dissections: 4♂ 5♀ Alajuela, 2♂ Heredia, 5♂ Limon. INBio, USNM, JBS. Janzen & Hallwachs vouchers of reared specimens:Female: 00-SRNP-1940, Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, Sector San Cristobal, Rio Blanco Abajo 10.90037, -85.37254, 500 m , 26 May 2000, Osvaldo Espinoza. Male: 00-SRNP-1942, Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, Sector San Cristobal, Rio Blanco Abajo 10.90037, -85.37254, 500 m, 26 May 2000, Osvaldo Espinoza. Female: 00-SRNP-1943, Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, Sector San Cristobal, Rio Blanco Abajo 10.90037, -85.37254, 500 m, 26 May 2000, Osvaldo Espinoza. Female: 00-SRNP-1959, Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, Sector San Cristobal, Rio Blanco Abajo 10.90037, -85.37254, 500 m, 26 May 2000, Osvaldo Espinoza. Male:00-SRNP-1967, Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, Sector San Cristobal, Rio Blanco Abajo 10.90037, -85.37254, 500 m, 23 May 2000, Osvaldo Espinoza. Female: 01-SRNP-4001, Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Camino Rio Francia 10.90425, -85.28651, 410 m, 12 January 2001, Jose Perez. Female: 01-SRNP-4003, Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Camino Rio Francia 10.90425, -85.28651, 410 m, 12 January 2001, Jose Perez. Female: 01-SRNP-4006, Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Camino Rio Francia 10.90425, -85.28651, 410 m, 12 January 2001, Jose Perez. Male: 01-SRNP-4008, Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Camino Rio Francia 10.90425, -85.28651, 410 m, 11 January 2001, Jose Perez. Female: 01-SRNP-4001,Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Camino Rio Francia 10.90425, -85.28651, 410 m, 12 January 2001, Jose Perez. Male: 01-SRNP-4177,Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Quebrada Escondida 10.89928, -85.27486, 420 m, 5 February 2001, Jose Perez. Female: 01-SRNP-23045,Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Montana Figueres 10.88367, -85.29081, 460 m, 1 November 2001, Jose Perez. Male: 04-SRNP-4056, Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, Sector San Cristobal, Puente Palma 10.9163, -85.37869, 460 m, 5 September 2004, Elda Araya. Female: 07-SRNP-1085, Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, Sector San Cristobal, Puente Palma 10.9163, -85.37869, 460 m, 20 March 2007, Osvaldo Espinoza. INBio specimens: Male: INBIOCRI000702122 (Dissected), Costa Rica, Prov. Heredia,P. N. Braulio Carrillo, Est. Magsasay 10.401255, -84.049314, 200 m, January 1991, M. Barrelier. Male: INB0003319795, Costa Rica, Prov. Limon, Valle La Estrella, R. B.Hitoy Cerere, Est. Hitoy Cerere 9.671035, -83.026156, 100 m, November 2001, L. Chavarria. Male: INB0003558871 (Dissected), Costa Rica, Prov. Heredia, Fca. La Selva, Puerto Viejo de Sarapiqui 10.431958, -84.0091, 55 m, 4 August 1981, D.H. Janzen & W. Hallwachs. Male: INB0004268509, Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Ramon, Est. Biol. Villa Blanca 10.201361, -84.485101, 1115 m, September 2009, R. Rojas (Reared). Male: INB0004268510, Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Ramon, Est. Biol. Villa Blanca 10.201361, -84.485101, 1115 m, September 2009, R. Rojas (Reared). Male: INB0004251494 (Dissected), Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Ramon, Est. Biol. Villa Blanca 10.201361, -84.485101, 1115 m, August 2009, R. Rojas (Reared). Male: INB0004251489, Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Ramon, Est. Biol. Villa Blanca 10.201361, -84.485101, 1115 m, July 2009, R. Rojas (Reared). Male: INB0004251485, Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Ramon, Est. Biol. Villa Blanca 10.201361, -84.485101, 1115 m, July 2009, R. Rojas (Reared). Male: INB0004251493, Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Ramon. Est. Biol. Villa Blanca 10.201361, -84.485101, 1115 m, August 2009, R. Rojas (Reared). Male: INB0004251492, Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Ra mon , Est. Biol. Villa Blanca 10.201361, -84.485101, 1115 m, August 2009, R. Rojas (Reared). Male: INB0004251491, Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Ramon, Est. Biol. Villa Blanca 10.201361, -84.485101, 1115 m, August 2009, R. Rojas (Reared). Male: INB0004251496, Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Ramon, Est. Biol. Villa Blanca 10.201361, -84.485101, 1115 m, August 2009, R. Rojas (Reared). Male: INB0004251495, Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Ramon, Est. Biol. Villa Blanca 10.201361, -84.485101, 1115 m, August 2009, R. Rojas (Reared). Male: INB0004251494 (Dissected), Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Ramon, Est. Biol. Villa Blanca 10.201361, -84.485101, 1115 m, 12 July 2010, M. Gutierrez, R. Rojas (Reared). Male:INB0004301720 (Dissected), Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Ramon, Est. Biol. Villa Blanca 10.201361, -84.485101, 1115 m, August 2009, R. Rojas (Reared). Female: INBIOCRI002112258, Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Ramon 10.224969, -84.587984, 800 m, September 1994, G. Carballo. Female: INB0004301719 (Dissected), Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Ramon, Est. Biol. Villa Blanca 10.201361, -84.485101, 1115 m, 12 July 2010, M. Gutierrez, R. Rojas (Reared). Female: INB0004268508, Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Ramon, Est. Biol. Villa Blanca 10.201361, -84.485101, 1115 m, September 2009, R. Rojas (Reared). Female: INB0004268511, Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Ramon, Est. Biol. Villa Blanca 10.201361, -84.485101, 1115 m, September 2009, R. Rojas (Reared). Female: INB0004251484 (Dissected), Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Ramon, Est. Biol. Villa Blanca 10.201361, -84.485101, 1115 m, July 2009, R. Rojas (Reared). Female: INB0004251497, Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Ramon, Est. Biol. Villa Blanca 10.201361, -84.485101, 1115 m, August 2009, R. Rojas (Reared). Female: INB0004251486, Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Ramon, Est. Biol. Villa Blanca 10.201361, -84.485101, 1115 m, July 2009, R. Rojas (Reared). Female: INB0004251488, Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Ramon, Est. Biol. Villa Blanca 10.201361, -84.485101, 1115 m, July 2009, R. Rojas (Reared). Female: INB0004251487, Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Ramon, Est. Biol. Villa Blanca 10.201361, -84.485101, 1115 m, July 2009, R. Rojas (Reared). Female: INB0004301721 (Dissected), Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Ramon, Est. Biol. Villa Blanca 10.201361, -84.485101, 1115 m, 14 June 2010, M. Gutierrez (Reared). Female: INB0004301704, Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Ramon, Est. Biol. Villa Blanca 10.201361, -84.485101, 1115 m, 12 July 2010, M. Gutierrez, R. Rojas (Reared). Female: INB0004301705, Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Ramon, Est. Biol. Villa Blanca 10.201361, -84.485101, 1115 m, 12 July 2010, M. Gutierrez, R. Rojas (Reared). Female: INB0004301706, Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Ramon, Est. Biol. Villa Blanca 10.201361, -84.485101, 1115 m, 12 July 2010, M. Gutierrez, R. Rojas (Reared). Female: INB0004301707, Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Ramon, Est. Biol. Villa Blanca 10.201361, -84.485101, 1115 m, 12 July 2010, M. Gutierrez, R. Rojas (Reared). Female: INB0004301708, Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Ramon, Est. Biol. Villa Blanca 10.201361, -84.485101, 1115 m, 12 July 2010, M. Gutierrez, R. Rojas (Reared). Female: INB0004301709, Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Ramon, Est. Biol. Villa Blanca 10.201361, -84.485101, 1115 m, 12 July 2010, M. Gutierrez, R. Rojas (Reared). Female: INB0004301710, Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Ramon, Est. Biol. Villa Blanca 10.201361, -84.485101, 1115 m, 12 July 2010, M. Gutierrez, R. Rojas (Reared). Female: INB0004301711, Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Ramon, Est. Biol. Villa Blanca 10.201361, -84.485101, 1115 m, 12 July 2010, M. Gutierrez, R. Rojas (Reared). Female: INB0004301712, Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Ramon, Est. Biol. Villa Blanca 10.201361, -84.485101, 1115 m, 12 July 2010, M. Gutierrez, R. Rojas (Reared). Female: INB0004301713, Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Ramon, Est. Biol. Villa Blanca 10.201361, -84.485101, 1115 m, 12 July 2010, M. Gutierrez, R. Rojas (Reared). Female: INB0004301714, Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Ramon, Est. Biol. Villa Blanca 10.201361, -84.485101, 1115 m, 12 July 2010, M. Gutierrez, R. Rojas (Reared). Female: INB0004301715, Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Ramon, Est. Biol. Villa Blanca. 10.201361, -84.485101, 1115 m, 12 July 2010. M. Gutierrez, R. Rojas (Reared). Female: INB0004301716, Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Ramon, Est. Biol. Villa Blanca 10.201361, -84.485101, 1115 m, 12 July 2010, M. Gutierrez, R. Rojas (Reared). Female: INB0004301717, Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Ramon, Est. Biol. Villa Blanca 10.201361, -84.485101, 1115 m, 12 July 2010, M. Gutierrez, R. Rojas (Reared). Female: INB0004301718, Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Ramon, Est. Biol. Villa Blanca 10.201361, -84.485101, 1115 m, 12 July 2010, M. Gutierrez, R. Rojas (Reared). Etymology. This species is named in honor of Ms. Jessie Barron, great-great-grandmother of Jessie Hill of Philadelphia and Hawaii, and in emphatic recognition of Jessie Hill's contribution to saving and inventorying the conserved ACG rain forest in which Dunama jessiebarronae breeds. Diagnosis. St8 wide, short, anterior margin simple, posterior margin bearing a pair of long, widely separated processes with serrate margins. Phallus thin at the base, wider and sclerotized in the distal part, with a pair of opposite basal projections at the base of the sclerotized portion and a small subterminal projection distally on the left side and a small finger-like terminal projection. Description. Male (Figs 15, 16, 19-21). Head - Antenna pectinate in basal 4/5, rami moderately long, black, distal fifth simple, shaft cream with a few reddish-brown scales, scape with scale tuft reddish brown and creamy; haustellum well developed, frons with a mix of creamy and reddish-brown scales; labial palpus upcurved, blackish brown with a few scattered cream-colored scales; ocelli absent; vertex cream, reddish brown laterally; patagium reddish brown near midline, blackish brown laterally, margins cream colored. Thorax and abdomen - Tegula cream colored at the base, a mix of cream and reddish-brown scales distally, mesoscutum reddish brown anteriorly, cream and reddish brown posteriorly, mesoscutellum mostly creamy white; thoracic pleuron cream colored to reddish brown; legs mostly reddish brown on outer surfaces, cream colored on inner ones. Abdominal dorsum light gray, venter cream colored. Wings - Forewing dorsal ground color cream at base, 2/3 black brown; a prominent black-brown, slightly oblique bar between base of reniform spot and base of inner margin of forewing in both sexes; veins lined with gray, especially distally; anal fold and cubitus blackish brown; orbicular spot diffuse, blackish brown; reniform spot small, blackish brown; M-line thin, blackish brown, a wide, vaguely-defined beige band beyond it ; AD-line with blackish-brown spots, fringe gray brown. Ventral surfaces of both wings gray brown. Forewing costal margin cream ventrally. Hindwing dorsal dirty gray brown, lighter near base (Figs 15, 16). (WL 13.5-13.7 mm). Male genitalia (Figs 19-21) - T8 quadrate, posterior margin narrrowly sclerotized; St8 wide, short, anterior end with simple margin, posterior margin bearing a pair of long, widely-separated processes with serrate margins (Fig. 19). Uncus elongated lobule-like and lightly pubescent, socci thin and curved. Valva broad and membranous, with slightly undulating serrate saccular margin, inner surface with a small spine-like process near apex (Fig. 20). Phallus thin at base, widening and sclerotized distally, with a pair of opposite basal projections at base of sclerotized portion, which has a small subterminal projection on left side and a small finger-like terminal projection (Fig. 21). Vesica small. Female (Figs 17, 18, 22). Antenna filiform, shaft cream; body color and wing pattern similar to male but wings longer and darker (Figs 17, 18). (WL 16.6-17.2 mm). Female genitalia (Fig. 22) - Segment 8 forming a heavily sclerotized capsule; anterior apophyses acute; posterior apophyses tiny, CB small and rounded, signum absent; DB short; ostium recessed in St8. Ovipositor lobes acute and setose. Figures 15-22. Dunama jessiebarronae 15, 16 Male dorsal and ventral 04-SRNP-4063 17, 18 Female dorsal and ventral 04-SRNP-4060 19 Male St8 20 Male genitalia 04-SRNP-4063 21 Phallus 22 Female genitalia04-SRNP-4060. Natural history (Figs 65-70). 489 rearing records, all from intermediate elevation rain forest in ACG. Food plants: Heliconiaceae : Heliconia irrasa R.R Sm. (n=169). Heliconia latispatha Benth. (n=126), Heliconia pogonantha Cufod. (n=9); Musaceae ; Musa acuminata Colla (introduced) (n=185). All other Dunama spp. food plant records are from Arecaceae , and there are no Dunama jessiebarronae reared from Arecaceae . Parasitoids. Tachinidae : out of 489 rearing records of wild-caught caterpillars, 10 records generated Lespesia Wood33DHJ06, DHJPAR0015889, DHJPAR0015890, DHJPAR0015880, DHJPAR0015878, DHJPAR0015903, DHJPAR0008353, DHJPAR0015879, DHJPAR0015875, DHJPAR0015876, DHJPAR0015882.This fly parasitizes only Notodontidae feeding on Heliconiaceae and Musaceae , and also parasitizes three other species of Dunama feeding on Arecaceae , as well as Dottia and Heorta feeding on the same family. A single record (DHJPAR0016614) of Lespesia Wood03bDHJ05 parasitizing Dunama jessibaronae is not surprising, given that this fly parasitzes five caterpillar families feeding on a large variety of plant species and families, and as such is quite "generalist." Distribution. Dunama jessiebarronae has been collected on the east slope of Cordillera Volcanica de Guanacaste, Cordillera Volcanica Central, Cordillera de Talamanca, llanuras de Sarapiqui, and the lowlands of the Caribbean, from 50 to 1115 m elevation (Fig. 85). Remarks. Adults of Dunama jessiebarronae have almost the exact maculation pattern of Dunama tuna (Schaus), but the latter moth is larger.In addition, there are two lateral prongs at the base of the posterior projection of the sternum. Todd (1976) made Dunama sagittula (Dognin, 1914), a Colombian species, a synonym of Dunama tuna , whose type locality is also in Colombia. Although he did not dissect the type of Dunama tuna , we did, and it agrees with that of Dunama sagittula . Todd also reported a male specimen from Porto Bello, Panama and from Sixaola River, Costa Rica. These two Central American specimens are smaller than are those from Colombia, and they also have lateral prongs on the sternum, which are absent in all Costa Rican specimens of Dunama jessiebarronae we have examined, including 2 males from Hitoy Cerere, Limon Province, which is located not far from Sixaola River. Because we were unable to find any recent specimens with lateral prongs on the tergum, and because barcoding has shown few species in common between Costa Rica and northern South America (unpublished), we have chosen to treat the Costa Rican populations as a new species, Dunama jessiebarronae . The specimens from Sixaola River and Panama cited by Todd are believed to be Dunama jessiebarronae . Changes in the form of the sternum along the Atlantic Coast are also seen in the closely related species Dunama jessiehillae and Dunama angulinea , albiet it is the reverse change. Future examination and barcoding of specimens collected in Panama and northern Colombia should resolve this issue.