The goblin spider genus Xyphinus (Araneae; Oonopidae) Author Kranz-Baltensperger, Yvonne text Zootaxa 2014 2014-10-06 3870 1 1 79 journal article 5317 10.11646/zootaxa.3870.1.1 898c476c-0dc8-4925-a3d8-96bb567b6d43 1175-5326 4947426 0844EBCA-5432-4912-80B6-150732635B78 Xyphinus hystrix Simon, 1893 ( Figs 1–4 ; map 1 ) Xyphinus hystrix Simon, 1893 a: 303 , f. 254–255 Xyphinus hystrix : Simon, 1893 c: 76 (Dmf) . Xyphinus hystrix : Deeleman-Reinhold, 1987: 42 , f. 1–7 (mf). Type material. Male holotype and female paratype ( PBI _ OON 00006249 ) from Singapore , Simon, 1893 : Museum Paris 13797 Singapore ! Holotype , examined. Additional material examined. MALAYSIA : Pahang , Pulau Tioman : 1 male ( PBI _ OON 00015422 ), 1 km N of Kg. Genting , N 2°47’0” N, E 104°08’4” , 100–250 m , 20.IV.2005 , leg. A. Schulz , MHNG . 2 males ( PBI _ OON 00015678 ), westside, 2 km SE of Kg. Genting , N 2°47’ , E 104°8’ , 100m , 25. VI .2001 , leg. A. Schulz & K. Vock , MHNG . 1 female ( PBI _ OON 00012674 ), 2 km E of Kg. Tekek N 2°49’5“ , E 104°11’0“ , 500m , 23.IV.2005 , leg. A. Schulz , MHNG . SINGAPORE : Bukit Timah : 1 male & 2 females ( PBI _ OON 00031938 ), N 1.35470° , E 103.77605° , 21.II.1983 , coll. C. Deeleman , RMNH . 1 male & 1 female ( PBI _ OON 00012481 ), Nature Reserve , Jungle Fall Valley , 100 m (rain forest along small stream) , 9. VI . 2001 , leg. P. Schwendinger , MHNG . 1 female ( PBI _ OON 00012790 ), Nature Reserve , 27.VII.1969 , leg D. Murphy , MHNG . 1 female ( PBI _ OON 00012175 ), Nature Reserve , 100m , N 1°23’ , E 103°47’ , 16.VIII.2004 , leg. A. Schulz , MHNG . Diagnosis. Male and female can be easily distinguished from all other Xyphinus species by the presence of two pairs of backwards directed spikes on the carapace. One pair is rather small, situated on the elevated portion of the carapace, the other one is large and slightly curved, situated on the posterior end of the carapace ( Figs 1A,C ; 3A,C ). The male palpal tibia bears two rather large and strong setae prolaterally, the bulb is characterized by a small membranous apophysis and a bifid outgrowth prolaterally ( Figs 1G,H , 2A–E ); the female epigastric region shows a small, triangular-shaped element ( Figs 3E,F ; 4A–D ). Description. Male. Total length 1.91 mm . Carapace : Orange-brown, ovoid in dorsal view, strongly elevated in lateral view, anteriorly narrowed to between 0.5 and 0.75 times its maximum width, with rounded posterolateral corners, posterolateral edge with pair of pits, anterolateral corners without extension or projections, posterolateral surface with two pairs of spikes, surface of pars cephalica and sides smooth, fovea present, but barely visible, lateral margin with sharply pointed denticles, small in front, becoming larger towards end of carapace ( Fig. 1A,C ). Clypeus: Straight in frontal view, vertical in lateral view, high, ALE separated from edge of carapace by their radius or more ( Fig. 1D ). Eyes : PME largest, ALE and PLE circular, PME oval, posterior eye row straight from above, procurved from front; ALE separated by their radius to diameter, ALE and PLE separated by less than ALE radius, PLE and PME separated by less than PME radius, PME touching ( Fig. 1A,D ). Sternum : Longer than wide, sickle-shaped structures elongated anteriorly, touching, thus appearing as a triangle. Radial furrows opposite coxae III long, directed medially.. With evenly scattered setae. Surface smooth ( Fig. 1B,F ). Mouthparts : Chelicerae slightly divergent, with swelling on anterior face, setae evenly scattered ( Fig. 1D ). Labium rectangular, indented at middle, with 3–5 setae on anterior margin. Abdomen : Book-lung covers elliptical. Scuto-pedicel region with paired curved scutal ridges, with slightly longer setae dorsal of pedicel ( Fig. 1E ). Dorsal scutum orange-brown, surface smooth, without projecting denticles. Epigastric scutum not protruding. Postepigastric scutum with short posteriorly directed lateral apodemes ( Fig. 1B ). Posterior spiracles connected by groove. Legs : Tibia with three, metatarsi with one trichobothria each. Tarsal organ of leg IV with three sensilla ( Fig. 2F ). Genitalia : Sperm pore situated in front of anterior spiracles. Male palp: Trochanter normal size, unmodified. Femur one to two times as long as trochanter, attaching to patella basally; patella shorter than femur; tibia with two long, strong setae prolaterally and three trichobothria. Cymbium pale orange, ovoid in dorsal view, fused with bulb, seam almost not visible. Bulb pale orange, 1 to 1.5 times as long as cymbium, distal part of bulb with several dark, sclerotized apophyses, one small, membranous, curved at its tip, one bifid ( Figs 1G–H , 2A–D ). FIGURE 1. Xyphinus hystrix male. A, habitus, dorsal view; B, habitus, ventral view, arrow indicates sickle-shaped structures; C, habitus, lateral view; D, carapace, anterior view; E, abdomen, anterior view; F, carapace, ventral view, SEM; G, left palp, prolateral view; H, same, retrolateral view. Scale bars A, B, C = 1 mm; D = 0.25 mm, E, F = 0.5 mm; G, H = 0.1 mm. FIGURE 2. Xyphinus hystrix male. A, left palp prolateral view; B, same, retrolateral view; C, same, ventral view; D, right palp, prolateral view, SEM; E, left palp, retrolateral view, SEM; F, leg IV, tarsal organ, SEM. Scale bars A, B, C, D, E = 0.1 mm; F = 0.005 mm. FIGURE 3. Xyphinus hystrix female. A, habitus, dorsal view; B, habitus, ventral view; C, habitus, lateral view; D, carapace, anterior view; E, abdomen, ventral view, SEM; F, Epigastric area, ventral view, SEM; G, leg I, tarsal organ, dorsal view, SEM. Scale bars A, B, C = 1 mm; D = 0.5 mm; E, F = 0.1 mm; G = 0.005 mm. Female. Total length 2.08 mm . Carapace : Slightly elevated in lateral view ( Fig. 3C ). Female palp spineless, femora with two spine-like hairs ventrally, tibia with three trichobothria. Abdomen : Scuto-pedicel region with widely W-shaped scutal ridge. Epigastric scutum slightly protruding ( Fig. 3C ). Legs : Tarsal organ of leg I with three sensilla ( Fig. 3G ). Genitalia : Epigastric furrow very narrow. Transparent, triangle-shaped structure visible posteriorly of the furrow. This rather short structure is surrounded by sclerotized half circle and lined with numerous needle-like hairs. Anterior margin of postepigastric scutum thickened ( Figs 3E–F ; 4A–D ).